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Ch. 18 and 19 Review
Mammography and Trauma
49
Other
Undergraduate 1
03/23/2008

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Cards

Term

Routine views for a mammogram?

Definition
Mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC).
Term
What is the outer part of the breast called and what is the view that demonstrates it?
Definition
The axillary tail and the xccl or exaggerated craniocaudal view.
Term
How often does breast cancer occur in women?
Definition
1 in 8
Term
How often does breast cancer occur in men?
Definition

1% of the time that it does in women.

Term

What does ACR stand for?

Definition
American college of Radiology.
Term
After 40 years of age how often does the ACS recommend getting a mammogram?
Definition
Once a year
Term
At what age should a female get her first mammogram?
Definition
35-40 years of age.
Term
What things increase the risk of getting breast cancer?
Definition
Obesity, genetics, having children after the age of 30 and not having children before the age of 30 or at all.
Term
What are the 3 types of breast tissue?
Definition

Fatty, fibrous and glandular.

Term
What type of breast tissue is the least dense?
Definition
Fatty.
Term
What type of breast tissue is the most dense?
Definition
Fibrous.
Term
What type of breast tissue would an elderly woman with children have?
Definition

Fatty.

Term
What type of breast tissue would an elderly woman that never had children have?
Definition
Fibrous glandular.
Term
Where is the inframammary crease?
Definition
It's where the bottom of the breast meets the anterior chest wall.
Term
Which modality best demonstrates a cyst or hematoma of the breast?
Definition
Ultrasound
Term
What modality is the best for imaging a woman with breast implants?
Definition
MRI
Term
What focal spot range is used for mammography?
Definition
.1-.3 focal spot size
Term
What does a PET scan of the breast show?
Definition
Metabolism of sugar.
Term
What positions are most mammograms performed in?
Definition
Upright or standing.
Term
What is the average skin dose during a routine mammogram?
Definition
800-1000 mRad
Term

If a mass in the breast is detected before it exceeds 1cm what is the chance of survival?

Definition
95%
Term
What is the name of the view used during mammography that pushes the implant back?
Definition
Echland view.
Term

What modality is used to demonstrate a pulmonary embolism?

Definition
Nuclear Medicine
Term

What is subluxation?

Definition
A partial dislocation.
Term
Varus means what?
Definition
That the fracture fragment is moving toward the midline and the apex is moving laterally.
Term
Valgus means what?
Definition
That the fracture fragment is moving laterally and the apex is moving medially.
Term
What is the term used to describe the alignment of the long axes of fractures?
Definition
Apposition
Term
What are the types of Apposition?
Definition

Anatomical = bone still making end to end contact

 

Lack of apposition = bone pulled apart and not making contact

 

Bayonet = the shafts of the bones are making contact but the ends are not

Term
Open reduction takes place where?
Definition
Surgery
Term
What is internal fixation?
Definition
Using hardware to put a fracture back together during surgery.
Term

What does ORIF stand for?

Definition
Open reduction internal fixation
Term

What causes grid cut-off?

Definition
Off angle, off distance, off center, off focus or off focal range.
Term
What is Cine?
Definition

Recording in rapid succession much like a movie.

Term
What is digital subtraction?
Definition
Removing unwanted items from a film digitally. So that only the area of interest is left.
Term
What is roadmapping?
Definition
Last image hold.
Term
How many feet from the c-arm should the radiographer stand?
Definition
A minimum of 6 feet
Term
What does the boost feature do to patient dose?
Definition
It increases it.
Term
What is the maximum incline for a battery powered c-arm?
Definition
7 degrees
Term
What are the 3 cardinal rules of radiation protection?
Definition
TIME, DISTANCE, SHIELDING
Term
In which direction do you receive the most exposure when using the c-arm?
Definition

With the tube on top or AP

Term
Why do you use a left lateral decubitus to demonstrate free air?
Definition
It shows the air over the liver.
Term
What decubitus position do you use to show fluid in the abdomen?
Definition
You place the affected side down.
Term
Why do you do an AP thumb instead of a PA?
Definition
It decreases OID using an AP
Term
What are the three attributes of a good surgery tech?
Definition
Confidence, mastery and problem solving.
Term
What type of fluoro do you use to decrease exposure?
Definition

Pulse

Term
Why is the operative cholangiogram typically performed?
Definition
Biliary calculi.
Term

During an operative cholangiogram what is the device that holds the IR called?

Definition
Pizza Pan
Term

What is a type of external fixator?

Definition
Ilizarov Device.
Term
What is the name of the new prosthetic hip being used?
Definition
Modular bipolar.
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