Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch. 1
for Dr. Ross's Intro to CommD at UH
44
Other
Undergraduate 2
09/22/2012

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Types of feeding and swallowing disorders
Definition
1. Pediatric feeding and swallowing problems - tend to be associated with specific developmental disorders (ex. cleft palate)
2. Adult dysphasia - swallowing disorder often the result of a nervous system malfunction (ex. stroke)
Term
Types of hearing disorders
Definition
1. Sensorineural hearing loss - a breakdown in the hearing system in the inner ear or auditory nerve (usually permanent)
2. Conductive hearing loss - breakdown in the hearing system in the outer or middle ear (usually treatable)
3. Auditory processing disorder - breakdown in the processing of speech sounds in the auditory center in the brain.
Term
Types of speech disorders
Definition
1. Articulation disorders
2. Phonological disorders
3. Fluency disorders - high rate or duration of breaks in speech
4. Voice disorders - difficulties with voice
5. Motor Speech disorders - distortions, substitutions, and omissions
Term
Language Disorder
Definition
Refers to a significant breakdown in the linguistic system that has an impact on one or more of the folloowing domains: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, or pragmatics
Term
A communication disorder is only present when:
Definition
1. operates outside the minial norms of acceptability of one's culture or language group.
2. is considered disordered by one's culture or language group.
3. interferes with communication or calls attention to itself within one's culture or language group.
Term
Key poionts where a breakdown in communication may occur:
Definition
1. Formulation - difficulty formulating a message.
2. Transmission - difficulty in effectively transmitting a message.
3. Reception - difficulty in receiving a message.
4. Comprehension - difficulty in comprehending a message.
Term
Speech perception
Definition
The processing of human speech. It is different from auditory perception (a more general term that describes the brain's processing of any type of auditory information.
Term
Intensity
Definition
The perceived loudness of the sound. (how far apart the air particles move when going back and forth)
Term
Frequency
Definition
The perception of pitch. (how fast air particles move back and forth)
Term
Sound fundamentals
Definition
1. Creation of sound source
2. Vibration of air particles
3. Reception by ear
4. Comprehension by brain
Term
Audition
Definition
The perception of sound (hearing) specifically, the perception of speech.
Term
Acoustics
Definition
The study of sound.
Term
Building blocks for normal speech (4)
Definition
1. Breathstream - adequate breathstream for talking
2. Voice - voice quality
3. Articulation - precision in phoneme production
4. Fluency - produced effortlessly and smoothly
Term
Phoneme
Definition
The smallest unit of sound.
Ex mama = 4 phonemes /m/ /a/ /m/ /a/
Term
Speech
Definition
The neuromuscular process that aloows humans to express language as a vocal product (needs respiration, phonation, and articulation)
Term
Pragmatics
Definition
(use) The rules governing how language is used for social purposes
Term
Metalinguistic Awareness
Definition
The ability to deliberately scrutinize language as an object of attention
Term
Phonology
Definition
(form) The rules of language governing the sounds we use to make syllables and words.
Term
Morphology
Definition
(form) The rules of language governing the internal organization of words.
Term
Use
Definition
Is how language is used functionally for meeting personal and social needs (pragmatics)
Term
Syntax
Definition
(form) The rules governing the inernal organization of sentences.
Term
Semantics
Definition
(content) The rules governing the meaning of individual words and word combinations
Term
Form
Definition
How words, sentences, and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content (consists of syntax, phonology, and morphology)
Term
Content
Definition
Refers to the meaning of language (semantics)
Term
Semanticity
Definition
Human language allows us to represent events that are decontectualized, or removed from the present. It allows us to talk about things that are not concret, are intagible, abstract, hypothetical and complex.
Term
Productivity
Definition
The principal of combination, specifically the combination of a small number of discreet unites into seemingly infinite creations.
Term
Universality
Definition
Language is ubiqitous. Every human culture has one and sometimes many language, and all languages are equally complex. (also, what one human can say another human can also say)
Term
Species specificity
Definition
Recognizes that while many non-human species are able to communicate, their communication abilities are wholly iconic.
Term
Language
Definition
The socially shared code that uses a conventional system of abritrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to those who know the same code.
Term
Grice's Maxims
Definition
the four principals for effective communication
1. quantity - saying enough to your point across clearly.
2. quality - accurate information
3. relevance - maintains topic and uses appropriate transitions
4. manner - speaks fluently without frequent hesitations or revisions, takes turns etc.
Term
Communication functions
Definition
7 categories of communication purposes
1. instrumental - used to ask for something
2. regulatory - give directions and to direct others
3. interactional - interact and converse with others in a social way
4. personal - to express a state of mind or feeling
5. heuristic - to find out information and to inquire.
6. imaginative - to tell stories and role-play
7. informative - toprovide an organized description of an event or object
Term
Communication breakdown
Definition
Happens when the receiver doesn't understand the speaker. It is usually followed by a conversational repair initiated by the speaker.
Term
Paralinguistic feedback
Definition
Refers to the use of pitch, loudness and pausing.
Term
Linguistic feedback
Definition
verbal feedback. Ex. "I hear what you're saying", "I totally agree" and "mm-hmm"
Term
Feedback and types of feedback
Definition
Information provided by the receiver to the sender. Types of feedback include: linguistic, nonlinguistic (or extralinguistic), and paralinguistic
Term
Extralinguistic (non-linguistic) feedback
Definition
Refers to the use of eye contact, facial expression, posture, and proximity. This type of feedback may supplement linguistic feedback or may stand alone.
Term
Comprehension
Definition
The process of making sense of a message.
Term
Communication
Definition
Refers to the process of sharing information between 2 or more persons, or more specifically, "the transmission of thoughts or feelings from the mind of the speaker to the mind of a listener."
Term
Formulation
Definition
The process of pulling together one's thoughts or ideas for sharing with another.
Term
Transmission
Definition
The process of conveying ideas to another person.
Term
Reception
Definition
The process of receiving information from another person.
Term
Modality
Definition
The manner in which information conveyed via communication is transmitted and received. Speech is the most common for humans. Sign language and writing are also examples.
Term
SLP's
Salary, Requirements, Rank, Growth, National Organization
Definition
Rank -
Growth - 11%
Requirements - Master's degree - at least 36 hours of graduate level coursework and 400 hours of supervised clinical hours with 375 hours involving direct client contact. Must pass a national exam and complete a 9 month supervised clinical fellowship for CCC
National Organization - American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA)
Term
Audiologist
Salary, Requirements, Rank, Growth,
National Organization
Definition
Rank -
Growth - 10%
Requirements - Master's degree (changing to Doctorate) 75 hours postbaccalaureate semester credit hours as well as the equivelent of 12 months, full time supervised clinical practicum
National Organization - American Academy of Audiology (AAA or Triple A) and ASHA
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