Term
|
Definition
| A reduction or absence of psychomotor activity that results in a masklike facial expression and impaired postural reflexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Slowness of movement; another classic symptom of Parkinson's disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by involuntary purposeless, rapid motions such as flexing/extending fingers, raising and lowering shoulders, grimacing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impaired ability to execute voluntary movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impaired/distored voluntary movement due to disorder of muscle tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describing any substance produced outside the body that may be taken into the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A common exp. of patient's taking medication for parkinsons where they have greater symptomatic control (on time) and lesser symptomatic control (off time) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A slowly progressive, degenerative neurologic disorder characterized by resting tremor, pill-rolling of the fingers, mask like facies, shuffling gait, forward flexion of the trunk, loss of postural reflexes, and muscle rigidity and weakness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease or change in motor and muscle movements that leads to understeadiness and hesitation in movement and |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drugs that exert their antiparkinsonian effects before the nerve synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistance of the muscles to passive movement; leads to the "cogwheel" rigidity seen in Parkinson's disease. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Parkinson's disease, shakiness of the extremities seen mostly at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gradual worsening of parkinsonian symptoms as a patient's meds lose their effectiveness, despite maximal dosing witha variety of meds |
|
|
Term
| What test detects/confirms Parkinson's disease? |
|
Definition
| *trick question* None, its diagnosed by symptoms only |
|
|
Term
| What is a major adverse effect of nonselective MAOIs? |
|
Definition
| They interact with tyramine-containing foods (cheese, wine, beer, and yogurt) b/c of their inhibitory activity against MAO-A |
|
|
Term
| What type of drug is Selegiline? |
|
Definition
| A selective MAO-B inhibitor, which is less likely to cause the classic cheese effect at dosages of 10mg or less. |
|
|
Term
| What does giving an MAO-B inhibitor, such as selegiline do? |
|
Definition
| An increase int he levels of dopaminergic stimulation in the CNS. |
|
|
Term
| What is a contraindication of Selegiline? |
|
Definition
| Mepepidine (opioid analgesic) |
|
|
Term
| What happens when selegeline dosages exceed 10mg/day? |
|
Definition
| It will then become a nonselective MAOI, contributing to the development of the cheese effect. |
|
|
Term
| What interactions does Selegiline and Meperidine have? |
|
Definition
| Delirium, muscle rigidity, hyperexia (fever) and hyperirritability. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only drug known to function as a presynaptic dopamine release enhancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does amantadine work against parkinson's disease? |
|
Definition
| Causes a release of dapamine + catecholamines from their storage sites, in the presynaptic fibers of nerve cells that have not yet been destroyed by the disease process. Also blocks the REUPTAKE of dopamine. Resulting in higher levels of dopamine in the synapses between nerves + improved dopamine neurotransmission. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse drug effects associated with amantadine? |
|
Definition
| dizziness, insomnia and nausea. |
|
|
Term
| What are the Drug interactions of amantadine? |
|
Definition
| Anticholinergic drugs and CNS stimulants |
|
|
Term
| Tolcapone and Entacapone differ slightly, what's the difference? |
|
Definition
| Tolcapone acts both centrally and peripherally while Entacapone acts on peripherally. |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications of Tolcapone and Entacopone. |
|
Definition
| Tolcapone is contraindicated in cases of liver failure. |
|
|
Term
| When is tolcapone considered as a drug therapy and why? |
|
Definition
| When patients who do not respond to other Parkinson's disease drug therapy; and because it is associated with sever liver failure. |
|
|
Term
| NDDRA's are subdivided into ergot and non-ergot derivatives. What drugs are in which classes? |
|
Definition
Ergot: Bomocriptine and Pergolide
Non-Ergot: Pramipexole, Ropinirole and Apomorphine |
|
|
Term
| Bromocriptine antiparkinsonian effects are due to what? |
|
Definition
| Its ability to activate presynaptic dopamine receptors to stimulate the production of more dopamine. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Tolcapone and Entacapone? |
|
Definition
| GI upset, dyskinesias, urine discoloration. |
|
|
Term
| Ropinirole is also used to treat ______. |
|
Definition
| Restless legs syndrome, a nocturnal movement of the legs that disrupts sleep. |
|
|
Term
| Bromocriptine also inhibits the production of the hormone ______. Which is used to treat what? |
|
Definition
| Prolactin; Women with excessive or undesired breast milk production. |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of Dopamine Replacement drugs include |
|
Definition
| Cardiac dysrhythmias, GI distress, hypotension, involuntary movements and confusion. |
|
|
Term
| What are the dopamine replacement drugs? |
|
Definition
| Levodopa, Carbidopa (Carbidopa inhibits the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery and allows smaller does of levodopa to be used) |
|
|
Term
| How is dopamine used in a critical care setting? |
|
Definition
| Given by injection as a pressor drug to raise blood pressure and enhance renal perfusion. |
|
|
Term
| Contraindications of levodopa and Carbidopa |
|
Definition
Cases of angle-closure glaucoma, b/c they can raise intraocular pressure.
Also pts with any undiagnosed skin condition b/c they can active malignant melanoma. |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions of levodopa and carbidopa include |
|
Definition
| Antacides, anticholinergics and MAOIs |
|
|
Term
Acetylcholine is responsible for causing:
(sludge) |
|
Definition
Salivation (increased)
Lacrimation (increased)
Urination
Diarrhea
GI Motility (increased)
Emesis (probably |
|
|
