Term
|
Definition
| Treatment for a psychological disorder that alters brain functioning with chemical or physical interventions such as drug therapy, surgery, or electro convulsive therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a group of therapies, used to treat psychological disorders, that focus on changing faulty behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, and emotions that may be associated with specific disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mental health professional whose specialized training prepares him or her to consider the social context of people's problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a member of a religious order who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders, often combining spirituality with practical problem solving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual who has earned a doctorate in psychology and whose training is in the assessment and treatment of psychological problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychologist who specializes in providing guidance in areas such as vocational selections, school problems, drug abuse, and marital conflict. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual who has obtained an MD degree and also has completed postdoctoral specialty training in mental and emotional disorders; a psychiatrist may prescribe medications for the treatment of psychological disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual who has earned either a PhD or an MD degree and has completed postgraduate training in the Freudian approach to understanding and treating mental disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the term used by those who take a biomedical approach to the treatment of psychological problems to describe the person being treated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the term used by clinicians who think of psychological disorders as problems in living, and not as mental illnesses, to describe those being treated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement to treat people with psychological disorders in the community rather than in psychiatric hospitals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Freud; an intensive prolonged technique for exploring unconscious motivations and conflicts in neurotic, anxiety-ridden individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a technique by which the therapist guides a patient toward discovering insights between present symptoms and past origins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the therapeutic method in which a patient gives a running account of thoughts, wishes, physical sensations, and mental images as they occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of expressing strongly felt but usually repressed emotions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inability or unwillingness of a patient in psychoanalysis to discuss certain ideas, desires, or experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the psychoanalytic interpretation of dreams used to gain insight into a person's unconscious motives or conflicts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which a person in psychoanalysis attaches to a therapist feelings formerly held toward some significant person who figured into past emotional conflict. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circumstances in which a psychoanalyst develops personal feelings about a client because of perceived similarity of the client to significant people in the therapist's life. |
|
|
Term
| Harry Stack Sullivan (1953) |
|
Definition
| felt that Freudian theory and therapy did not recognized the importance of social relationships and a patient's needs for acceptance, respect, and love. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| argued that a death instinct preceded sexual awareness and led to an innate aggressive impulse that was equally important in organizing the psyche. |
|
|
Term
| behavior modification (behavior therapy) |
|
Definition
| The systematic use of principles of learning to increase the frequency of desired behaviors and/or decrease the frequency of problem behaviors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a technique used in therapy to substitute a new response for a maladaptive one by means of conditioning procedures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a behavioral technique in which clients are exposed to the objects or situations that cause them anxiety. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a behavioral technique in which clients are exposed to the objects or situations that cause them anxiety. |
|
|
Term
| systematic desensitization |
|
Definition
| a behavioral therapy technique in which a client is taught to prevent the arousal of anxiety by confronting the feared stimulus while relaxed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| showed that fear could be unlearned through conditioning. |
|
|
Term
| Joseph Wolpe (1958, 1973) |
|
Definition
| observed that the nervous system cannot be relaxed and agitated at the same time because incompatible processes cannot be activated at the same time because incompatible processes cannot be activated simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
| systematic desensitization |
|
Definition
| a behavioral therapy technique in which a client is taught to prevent the arousal of anxiety by confronting the feared stimulus while relaxed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of behavioral therapy used to treat individuals attracted to harmful stimuli; an attractive stimulus is paired with noxious stimulus in order to elicit a negative reaction to the target stimulus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general treatment strategy involving changing behavior by modifying its consequences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of treatment in which clients observe models' desirable behaviors being reinforced. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a therapeutic technique in which a therapist demonstrates the desired behavior and a client is aided, through supportive encouragement, to imitate the modeled behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedures used to establish and strengthen basic skills; as used in social-skills training programs, requires the client to rehearse a desirable behavior sequence mentally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that attempts to change feelings and behaviors by changing the way a client thinks about or perceives significant life experiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a comprehensive system of personality change based on changin irrational beliefs that cause undesirable, highly charged emotional reactions such as severe anxiety. |
|
|
Term
| cognitive behavioral therapy |
|
Definition
| a therapeutic approach that combines the cognitive emphasis on thoughts and attitudes with the behavioral emphasis on changing performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the therapy movement that encompasses all those practices and methods that release the potential of the average human being for greater levels of performance and greater richness of experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a humanistic approach to treatment that emphasizes the healthy psychological grwoth of the individual based on the assumption that all people share the basic tendency of human nature toward self-actualization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| therapy that focuses on ways to unite mind and body to make a person whole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the branch of psychology that investigates the effects of drugs on behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a surgical procedure performed on brain tissue to alleviate a psychological disorder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an operation that severs the never fibers connecting the frontal lobes of the brain with the diencephalon, especially those fibers in the thalamic and hypothalamic areas; best known form of psychosurgery. |
|
|
Term
| electroconvulsive therapy |
|
Definition
| the use of electroconvulsive shock as an effective treatment for severe depression. |
|
|
Term
| spontaneous-remission effect |
|
Definition
| the improvement of some mental patients and clients in psychotherapy without any professional intervention; a baseline criterion against which the effectiveness of therapies must be assessed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a therapy interdependent of any specific clinical procedures that results in client improvement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statistical technique for evalutaing hypothses by providing a formal mechanism for detecting the general conclusions found in data from many different experiments. |
|
|
