Term
| Define Laterlization of Fucntion |
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Definition
- Each hemisphere specialized for different functions
- Each hemisphere controls contralateral side of body |
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Term
| in terms of function ____ is found in the left hemisphere |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Corpus Callosum do? |
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Definition
| Carries info from one hemisphere to the other |
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Term
When does the corpus callosum mature?
- How does this hinder children? |
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Definition
5-10 years
Children have difficulty comparing info from right and left hand |
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Term
| What are the effects/results of an incompletely formed callosum? |
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Definition
| Anterior and hippocampal commisures |
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Term
| What is the result of decreased release of GABA and excessive synchronized neural activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do doctors fix epilepsy? |
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Definition
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Term
What 3 tests are used to determine hemishpereical dominance?
how? |
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Definition
Sodium amytal (Wada) test
- anesthetize one hemisphere and check language function
Dichotic listening
- report more digits heard by dominant half
Fuctional Brain Imaging
- fMRI or PET |
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Term
In terms of handedness and hemispherical dominance, ____s are right handers and ____s are left handers
What hemisphere is dominant in each? (%) |
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Definition
Dextrals- 92%
Sinestrals- 69% |
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Term
| T or f-- females tend to recover quicker after strokes? |
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Definition
| True- they are less lateralized |
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Term
| What do split brain patients do better or differntly? |
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Definition
use individual hands in ways other cannot
- respond differently to stimulus presented to only one side of body |
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Term
| After a split brain surgery, what goes on in teh patient's brain? |
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Definition
Brain learns to use smaller connectins
-difficulty integrating info remains |
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Term
The ___hemisphere is involved in emotion.
What happens if it is damaged?
What happens to other hemisphere? |
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Definition
Right
-difficulty in percieving other's emotions
-failure to understand humor and sarcasm
Left hemisphere damage- increases ability to judge emotion due to decreased left hemisphere intereference |
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Term
The right hemisphere is better at ___relations
in terms of vision, what do left and right hemispheres focus more on? |
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Definition
Sptial
Left-details
Right- visual patterns |
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Term
In laterlization, Planum temporale assymetry is related to ewhat function?
What does a symmetrical Planum temporale have to do with dyslexia? |
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Definition
Language
Symmetrical PT = assymetry dissapears, dyslexic peple have symmetrical PTs |
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Term
| What 4 things affect language recovery after damage |
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Definition
1) location of damage LvR
2)Initial lateralization in patient
3)Age- young= more plastic
4)Right hemisphere reorganizes to serve some of left hemisphere function |
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Term
| What is Rasmussens Encephlopathy? |
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Definition
| When one hemisphere slows degenerates, it is surgically removed, and language recovers slowly |
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Term
| What is human language most likely a modification of? |
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Definition
| behavior found in other species |
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Term
| Why study non-human language abilities? |
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Definition
- gain insight on how to best teach individuals who do not learn language easily
-language as an extra part of brain |
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Term
| What are the 2 theories of ability to learn language? |
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Definition
1)language as a byproduct of overall brain development
2)Language as an extra part of the brain |
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Term
What is Williams syndrome?
What does it contradict? |
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Definition
- mental retardation but skillful use of language
- contradicts "language as byproduct of increased intelligence" |
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Term
| What does language have to do with being an extra brain module? |
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Definition
There is a built in language aqcuisition device
- children easily develop language- don't hear many examples of grammatical structures they hear
-certain brain areas for language
- some areas also for other fucntions such as memory and music perception |
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Term
| Whatg happens to deaf kids who are not able to learn sign language |
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Definition
- little development of language skill later
- early exposure to some language increases ability to learn another language |
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Term
| What is the critical period for learning language? |
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Definition
No clear time
- early exposure to sounds of language 'click language'
- children better at learning unfamiliar aspects of grammar and pronunciation
- early acquisition of second language anatomically different from learning it later |
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Term
what is broca's area responsible for
wernicke's area
? |
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Definition
- language production
- language comprehension |
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Term
| What is Broca's Aphasia (nonfluent aphasia) |
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Definition
omit conjunctions and prepositions
- impairment in language production
- accompanied by language deficits |
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Term
| What is Wernickie's (fluent aphasia)? |
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Definition
Impaired ability to remember names of objects (Anomia)
Recognition of item is not impaired, ability to find word is impaired |
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Term
| What is the inability to remember the names of objects? |
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Definition
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Term
What does fMRI and REading do? 3 things
Silly
Green
Pigs |
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Definition
Breaks reading down to constituent cognitive processes
Phronology- sound structure of words
Grammar- rules of lang
Semantic- meaning of language |
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Term
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Definition
Impairment of reading in people with good vision and good skills in other academic areas
-subtle motor and visual deficits
- probable genetic factor |
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Term
| What brain structure do dyslexics have? |
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Definition
Bilaterally symmetrical cerebral cortex
- normal people have larger left hemispheres due to larger planum temporale
- have weaker connections between other language areas |
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Term
| Dyslexic reading procedure |
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Definition
Lexical-use stored info about words
Phonetic-sound out unfamiliar words and non words |
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Term
What do dysphonic dyslexics have
what do dyseidectic dyslexics have |
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Definition
have trouble sounding out words
attempt to remember them as a whole
fail to remember word as a whole
read slowly and have trouble with irregularly spelled words |
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Term
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Definition
-multi dimensional process related to consciousness
-enhancement of activity due to intensity of stimulus
- relates to activity in areas responsive to certain stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is Spatial neglect?
what is it associated with? |
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Definition
tendency to ignore left side of body and its surroundings or the left side of objects
- associated with damage to right side of brain |
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Term
Damage to superior parietal cortex= neglect of
Damage to right inferior parietal cortex= ignoring everything on___ |
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Definition
-left side of objects, regardless of location
- left side of body |
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Term
| How can you increase attention of persons's left side who has spatial neglect? |
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Definition
- make them focus on left
-tell person to look left while hearing or feeling something from the left
- Cross hands in front of body |
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Term
| People with spatial neglect have what other deficits? |
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Definition
- spatial working memory
-other aspects not just left right dimension |
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Term
What is ADHD?
what are the symptoms?
how many kids does it affect? |
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Definition
Attention deficits- hyperactivity
- Fidgetiness
-Impulsiveness
-Mood swings
-short temper
-high sensitivity to stress
-impaired
Effects 3-10% of children |
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Term
| T/F ADHD 2-3X more likely in males |
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Definition
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Term
| Tasks in which ADHD people differ from other people |
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Definition
Choice delay task- choice between one reward now and better reward later- IMPULSIVENESS- ADHD people choose smaller and quicker one
Stop signal task- ADHD people have difficulty inhibiting behaviors
Attentional blink task- have trouble controlling attention- don't recognize probe letter even though it appears a second before the green letter |
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Term
Is ADHD highly inheritable in twins?
children of what kind of mothers were more prone to getting ADHD |
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Definition
Yes
Mothers who smoked during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
Smaller PFC & cerebellum(switching attention)
Decreased levels of Dopamine in caudate and limbic system |
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