Term
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Definition
| the narrow range of normal conditions in the human body; the tendency to maintain a constant balance in normal body states |
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Definition
| a safeguard or control mechanism within the human body that prevents dangerous changes |
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| extracellular fluid (ECF) |
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Definition
| the fluid outside the cells |
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Definition
| the fluid inside the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid between the cells; sometimes called "third space" |
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Definition
| fluids in special body spaces and include cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, perioneal fluid, and pleural fluid |
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Definition
| the particles dissolved or suspended in the water |
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Definition
| the movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane bc of hydrostatic pressure differences on both sides of the membrane |
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Definition
| the pressing of water molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| a fluid that is thicker than water |
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Definition
| the quality of being porous |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hydrostatic pressure is not the same in both spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| a graded difference of hydrostatic pressure in a state of disequilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of fluid from the space with higher hydrostatic pressure through the membrane into the space with lower hydrostatic pressure |
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Definition
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Definition
| tissue swelling with fluid collection |
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Definition
| the free movement of particles (solute) across a permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| facilitated diffusion/transport |
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Definition
| diffusion across a cell membrane that requires the assistance of a membrane-altering system |
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Definition
| the movement of water only through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of milliosmoles in a liter of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of milliosmoles in a kilogram of solution |
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Term
| isosmotic/isotonic/normotonic |
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Definition
| having the same osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| fluids with osmolarities greater than 300mOsm/L |
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Term
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Definition
| fluids with osmolarities less than 270 mOsm/L |
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Term
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Definition
| how well a particle dissolves in water |
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Definition
| the minimum amount of urine per day needed to excrete toxic waste products (400-600mL) |
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Term
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Definition
| water loss from the skin, lungs, and stool |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid intake or fluid retention is less than what is needed to meet the body's fluid needs, resulting in a fluid volume deficit, especially a plasma volume deficit |
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Term
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Definition
| circulating blood volume is decreased |
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Term
| orthostatic/postural hypotension |
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Definition
| a decrease in blood pressure after the first few seconds to minutes after changing from a sitting or lying position to standing |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated plasma levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum osmolarity, glucose, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and electrolytes that occur only when the water is lost and other substances remain |
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Term
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Definition
| overhydration, an excess of body fluid |
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Definition
| excessive water in the vascular space |
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Definition
| substances in the body that carry an electrical charge |
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Definition
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Definition
| a mineral that is a major cation in the ECF and maintains ECF osmolarity (norm is 136-145 mEq/L) |
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Term
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Definition
| a serum sodium level below 136 mEq/L |
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Term
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Definition
| a serum sodium level over 145 mEq/L |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an overresponse to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| a serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L |
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Term
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Definition
| a decreased response to deep tendon reflex stimulation |
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Definition
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Definition
| decreased blood oxygen levels |
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Term
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Definition
| increased arterial carbon dioxide levels |
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Term
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Definition
| a serum potassium level higher than 5.0 mEq/L |
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Term
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Definition
| heartbeats generated outside the normal conduction system in the ventricles |
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Definition
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Definition
| an ion having two positive charges |
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Definition
| a total serum calcium level below 9.0 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
| a total serum calcium level above 10.5 mg/dL |
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Definition
| a serum phosphorus level below 3.0 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
| the breakdown of muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| serum phosphorus level above 4.5 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
| a mineral that forms a cation when dissolved in water (normal 1.3-2.1 mEq/L) |
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Term
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Definition
| a serum magnesium level above 2.1 mEq/L |
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