Term
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Definition
The active process of maintaining a particular physiologic parameter relatively constant within a critical range.
AKA - system variable |
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Term
| Homeostatic or regulatory systems |
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Definition
| Thermoregulation, fluid regulation, electrolyte regulation, and energy balance |
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Term
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Definition
The optimal value of the physiologic parameter.
The range of tolerance of the physiologic parameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary homeostatic mechanism; the output of a system feeds back to decrease the effect of input signals. |
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Term
| Fluid and electrolyte balance |
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Definition
our cells evolved in fairly salty environements (sea water)
As a result, we have a saline solution of 0.9% NaCL in our fluid. So a PHYSIOLOGIC or normal saline solution is 0.9g NaCL dissolved in 100 ml water
Now that we are in an air environment, we must work to avoid dehydration |
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Term
| Body Fluid compartments (list) |
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Definition
Intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid
1. Interstitial fluid
2. Intravascular fluid
3. Cerebrospinal Fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid portion of the cytoplasm of cells. (2/3 of fluid in the body) |
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Term
Interstitial fluid
Intravascular fluid |
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Definition
The fluid between the cells
the blood plasma is the fluid
component of blood in which the blood cells are
suspended. Blood plasma comprises 55% of total blood
volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear fluid that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
Terms for Osmosis
- Solute
- Solvent
- Osmolality |
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Definition
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. A solid compound. Particles.
A liquid that dissolves a solute to form a solution – body fluids
The number of solute particles per unit volume of solvent. -> The concentration of a solute in solution. |
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Term
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Definition
The passive movement of molecules from one place to another.
The tendency of a solvent to move through a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| water channels in the cell membrane; a family of proteins called aquaporins conducts molecules of water across the cell membrane. how water moves to correct osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Tonicity: Osmotic Pressure Gradient (3 types) |
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Definition
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic |
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Term
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Definition
| Referring to a solution that is the same concentration as that found in mammalian fluid; 0.9% saline solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Referring to a solution that is a higher concentration than that found in mammalian fluid; >0.9% saline solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Referring to a solution that is a lower concentration than that found in mammalian fluid; <0.9% saline solution. |
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Term
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Definition
Osmotic (osmometric) thirst
Hypovolemic (volumetric) thirst |
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Term
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Definition
thirst stimulated by high solute concentration in the interstitial fluid
textbook: osmometric thirst. |
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Term
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Definition
thirst stimulated by decreased volume of the blood plasma
textbook: volumetric thirst. |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased volume of blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
This is our normal type of thirst.
Caused by OBLIGATORY WATER LOSS
- urine flushes solutes out of body
- water in feces
- evaporation from moist surfaces of skin and respiratory tract |
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Term
| Obligatory water loss produces an increase or decrease in osmotic pressure? |
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Definition
Increase - more water than solute is lost from interstitial fluid, leaving a high solute concentration in the interstitial fluid
Water moves by osmosis from the intracellular fluid across the aquaporins in the semipermeable membrane into the interstitial fluid |
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Term
| Effects of vasopression and where is it released from? |
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Definition
Released from Posterior Pituitary Gland
1. Vasoconstriction (increases BP)
2. Tells kidney to reduce flow of water to bladder
--- thus aka Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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Term
| We ingest food for two reasons |
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Definition
1. to build and maintain body ograns
2. to use as energy to move muscles and heat our body (thermoregulation)
We are endotherms - generate our body heat with internal metabolic processes |
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Term
Micronutrients
Macronutrients |
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Definition
needed, in small quantities, to sustain life – vitamins and minerals
are consumed in the largest quantities and provide energy (fuel). Fat, carbohydrate (CHO), and protein |
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Term
kilocalorie (kcal)
kcals per gram: Fat, CHO, Protein |
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Definition
basic unit for measuring food energy
the amount of heat required to raise temp of a liter of water 1 degree C
Fat = 9, CHO = 4, Protein = 4 |
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Term
Maintaing energy balance
Energy balance equation
Positive Energy balance
Negative Energy Balance |
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Definition
To maintain a given body weight energy ingested = energy expended.
More energy is ingested than expended, results in increase in body weight
Less energy ingested than expended, results in decrease in body weight
BUT energy expenditure is adjusted in response to energy intake (will decrease amount used if you decrease amount in) |
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Term
| Rat model of energy expenditure |
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Definition
33% of energy is expended (burned) in the digestive process.
55% of energy is expended in basal metabolism (thermoregulation and life-maintaining body functions)
12% of energy is expended in active behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
Weight (kg) / Height (m)2
[Weight (lb) / Height (in)2 ] X 703
BMI Categories:
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5-24.9
Overweight = 25.0-29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater |
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