Shared Flashcard Set

Details

CH. 12 and 13
Motivation and Emotions
67
Psychology
12th Grade
02/13/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Motivation
Definition
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Term
instinct
Definition
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Term
drive-reduction theory
Definition
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Term
homeostasis
Definition
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Term
incentive
Definition
positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Term
Hierarchy of needs
Definition
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Term
Glucose
Definition
form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides major source of energy for body tissues
Term
set point
Definition
point at which an individual's weight thermostat is supposedly set. When body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Term
Basal metabolic rate
Definition
body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
eating disorder in which a normal weight person (usually adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Term
bulimia nervosa
Definition
eating disorder characterized by overeating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise.
Term
sexual response cycle
Definition
four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution.
Term
refractory period
Definition
resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Term
sexual disorder
Definition
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Term
estrogen
Definition
sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Term
sexual orientation
Definition
enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one sex or the other sex or both.
Term
flow
Definition
completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement in one's skills.
Term
industrial-organizational psychology
Definition
application of psychological concepts to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Term
personnel psychology
Definition
subfield of I-O psych that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal and development.
Term
organizational psychology
Definition
subfield of I-O psych that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
Term
structured interviews
Definition
interview process that asks the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
Term
achievement motivation
Definition
desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people or ideas; for attaining a high standard.
Term
task leadership
Definition
goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work and focuses attention on
goals.
Term
social leadership
Definition
leadership that is group oriented and builds teamwork, mediates conflicts and offers support.
Term
Theory X
Definition
assumes that workers are basically lazy, error prone and extrinsically motivated by money and should be directed from above.
Term
Theory Y
Definition
assumes that, given a challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.
Term
emotion
Definition
a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience.
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli
Term
Cannon-Bard Theory
Definition
theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion.
Term
two factor theory
Definition
Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.
Term
Catharsis
Definition
Emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges.
Term
feel good, do good phenomenon
Definition
people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
Term
Subjective well-being
Definition
self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well being to evaluate people's quality of life.
Term
adaptation-level phenomenon
Definition
our tendency to form judgments relative to a "neutral" level defined by our prior experience.
Term
relative deprivation
Definition
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself.
Term
David Mandel
Definition
former nazi concentration camp inmate who witnessed a father and son fighting over peive of bread. basically, the son stole the father's bread and as a result, the father died the next day. "hunger does something to you thats hard to describe"
Term
Charles Darwin
Definition
evolutionary theorist. behavior was rooted from instincts
Term
George Mallory
Definition
man who climbed mount everest, just because he wanted to.
Term
list of hierarchy of needs
Definition
physiological needs (food and water), safety needs, give and receive love, self esteem, full potential.
Term
Ancel Keys
Definition
conducted experiment to find research about the motivation for hunger and the effects of starvation.
Term
A.L. Washburn and Walter Cannon
Definition
Washburn swallowed a balloon and measured the contractions of his stomach to find the source of hunger.
Term
ghrelin
Definition
hunger arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach
Term
lateral hypothalamus
Definition
part of the hypothalamus that brings on hunger
Term
orexin
Definition
hunger-triggering hormone
Term
ventromedial hypothalamus
Definition
part of the hypothalamus that depresses hunger
Term
leptin
Definition
protein produced by bloated fat cells
Term
PYY
Definition
digestive hormone that suppresses appetite
Term
Alfred Kinsey
Definition
conducted surveys on people of indiana university asking them about sex.
Term
William Masters and Virginia Johnson
Definition
monitored or filmed more than 10,000 sex cycles. developed four stages of sexual response.
Term
excitement phase
Definition
genital areas become engorged with blood,penis becomes partially erect and clitoris swells
Term
plateau phase
Definition
excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure increase.
Term
orgasm
Definition
muscle contractions; sexual release
Term
resolution phase
Definition
males enter refractory period, where they cannot orgasm ranging from a few minutes to a few days. female's refractory is not long, and can have multiple orgasms in one outing.
Term
James Dabbs
Definition
had male collegians converse seperately with another male and female student, men's testosterone levels rose with social arousal
Term
Julia Heiman
Definition
had sexually experienced university students listen to tapes to detect arousal. most men and women were aroused by the erotic tape.
Term
reasons why males do not use condoms
Definition
ignorance, guilt related to sexual activity, minimal communication about birth control, alcohol use and mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity
Term
Simon Lavay
Definition
studied sections of the hypothalamus taken form deceased homo and hetero people. studied a cell cluster that was larger in hetero males than gay males and females.
Term
brain's shortcut to emotions
Definition
routed both to the cortex and directly to the amygdala for a more instant emotional reaction
Term
Robert Zajonc
Definition
argued that our emotional reactions can be quicker than our interpretations of a situation.
Term
Richard Lazarus
Definition
concedes that our brains process and react to vast amounts of info without our conscious awareness.
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
controls arousal. sympathetic region directs adrenal glands atop the kidneys to release the stress hormone epinephrine
Term
happy people
Definition
show more brain activity in the left frontal lobe
Term
depressed people
Definition
show more brain activity in the right frontal lobe
Term
Joan Kellerman, James Lewis, and James Laird
Definition
wondered if intimate gazes would arouse mere strangers
Term
Jane Richards and James Gross
Definition
discovered that suppressing emotions comes at a cost.
Term
nonverbal sensitivity
Definition
Women have it more than men
Term
amygdala
Definition
plays key role in associating various emotions including fear
Supporting users have an ad free experience!