Term
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Definition
| destruction of all microbial life, including endospores |
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Term
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Definition
destroy/inhibit vegetative pathogens.
Inanimate objects |
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Term
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Definition
| destroy/inhibit vegetative pathogens on living tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| kills pathogenic microorganisms (not endospores) |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits bacterial growth; growth can regrow |
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Term
| oligodynamic action (heavy metals) |
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Definition
| heavy metals having antimicrobial effects in small concentration (ppm) |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of normal characteristics from molecular alteration by heat or chemicals on proteins |
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Term
| PHYSICAL sterilizing agents (heat) |
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Definition
DRY-radiation - ionizing (xray, cathode, gamma)
MOIST - steam under pressure |
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Term
| CHEMICAL sterilizing agents |
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Definition
| gases, liquids (inanimate objects) |
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Term
| alcohol is effective against.. |
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Definition
bacteria, fungi (not envelope or spores)
Ethanol + isopropranol |
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Term
| quality of good antimicrobial |
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Definition
| broad spectrum, rapid action, nontoxic, stability against organic matter, inexpensive |
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Term
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Definition
| quarternary ammonium compounds- positive charged detergents |
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Term
| what microbes quats act on |
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of aldehydes |
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Definition
formaldehyde-very strong, irritates mucus membranes.
glutaraldehyde-milder, sterilizing agent, not effected by organic matter.
ortho-phthalaldehyde-milder, sporicidal, stains skin. embalming fluid |
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Term
| chemical agents not affected by presence of organic material |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| iodine dissolved in alcohol |
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Term
| way to sterilize heat-labile solutions |
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Definition
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Term
| target of antimicrobials in bacteria cells? |
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Definition
| cell wall/cell membrane, cellular synthesis, protein structure |
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Term
| most effective concentration of ethyl alcohol for disinfection? |
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Definition
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Term
| alcohol effective against what microbes? |
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Definition
| most bacteria, viruses and fungi |
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Term
| relative resistances of different microorganisms -in sequence |
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Definition
1. prions
2. bacterial endospores -few antimicrobials can eliminate
3. mycobacteria (TB)-(mycolic acid)resistant waxy lipid-rich cell wall (virulent)
4. cysts of protozoa (in host cell)-eukaryotic microorganism.
5. vege protozoa (outside host cell)
6. gram neg bacteria
7. fungi
8. naked viruses
9. gram pst bacteria
10. viruses with lipid envelope |
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Term
| reason for resistance of different microorganisms in sequence |
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Definition
| temperature, pH, organic matter |
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Term
| example of heavy metal used as antiseptic |
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Definition
| silver nitrate in newborn eyes/gonococcal infection |
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Term
| disadvantages of ethylene oxide? |
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Definition
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Term
| bacterium that grows in refrigerator |
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Definition
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Term
| phenols are active against what microbes? |
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Definition
| vegetative bacteria & lipid viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| *not sporicidal *toxic *some cause neurologic damage |
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Term
| commercial phenol compounds |
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Definition
| *lysol *triclosan (soap, deodorant, toothpaste) |
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Term
| why mycobacterium resistance to antimicrobials |
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Definition
| waxy lipid-rich cell wall (mycolic acid), gram neg double cell wall |
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Term
relative resistance of microorganisms/
resistance in sequence |
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Definition
intensity of treatment needed to kill endospores vs vegetative cells/
endospores take long treatment exposure to the control agents |
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Term
| microbe that can survive for months dry in dust particles |
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Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis (because of the waxy lipid-rich walls) |
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Term
| Bacteriostatic antimicrobial agent examples |
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Definition
* 0-7° C (cold)
*dessication
*copper sulfate (some heavy metals) |
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Term
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Definition
| alteration of protein structure, loss of enzyme activity |
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Term
| pasteurization temp-time profiles & which one produces sterile milk |
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Definition
63° C - 30 minutes (classic)
71.6° C - 15 seconds (flash)
134° C - 1 to 2 seconds UltraHighTemperature
*UHT sterilizes milk
*storage life - 3 mos. |
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Term
| what is equivalent treatments in pasteurization? |
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Definition
heat exposure, more time to sterilize.
(more time for more resistant microbes & endospores) |
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