Term
| The function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animals is... |
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Definition
-to provide strength
-to provide structural support
-to organize cells and other body parts
-cell signaling |
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Term
| The protein found in the ECM of animals that provides strength and resistance to tearing when stretched is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The polysaccharide that forms the hard outer covering of many invertebrates is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The extension sequence found in procollagen polypeptides does what? |
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Definition
-causes procollagen to form a triple helix.
-prevents procollagen forming large collagen fibers. |
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Term
| The dilated state of plasmodesmata allows the passage of... |
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Definition
-water
-ions
-small molecules
-macromolecules and viruses |
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Term
| Gap junctions of animal cells differ from the plasmodesmata of plant cells in that... |
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Definition
| gap junctions are formed by specialized proteins that form channels through the membranes of adjacent cells but plasmodesmata cannot allow the same type of exchange. |
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Term
| What is involved in the process of tissue and organ formation in multicellular organisms? (6 processes) |
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Definition
-cell division
-cell growth
-cell differentiation
-cell connection formations
-cell migration
-apoptosis |
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Term
| The tissue type common to animals that functions in the conduction of electrical signals is... |
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Definition
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Term
| A type of tissue that is rich in ECM or has cells with a thick cell wall would be... |
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Definition
-ground tissue in plants
-connective tissue in animals |
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Term
| Dermal tissue of plants is similar to _______ tissue of animals. |
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Definition
-epithelial
-they both provide a covering for the organism |
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Term
| The epithelial tissue of animals and the dermal tissue of plants have special characteristics that... |
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Definition
| limit the movement of material between cell layers |
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Term
| The ______ tissue of plants and the ________ tissue on animals provide structural support of the organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| The extracellular matrix is... |
|
Definition
a network of material that forms a complex meshwork outside of animal cells.
-Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls. |
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Term
| ________ and ________ are the major constituants of animal's ECM. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the ECM proteins and polysaccarides provide... (4 things) |
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Definition
-strength
-structural support
-organization
-cell signaling |
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Term
| Adhesive proteins such as ________ and _______ help adhere cells to the ECM. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the EMC, __________ fibers provide tensile strength and _______ fibers allow regions of the body to stretch. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are... |
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Definition
| polysaccarides of repeating disaccharide units that give a gel-like character to the ECM. |
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Term
| In plants, the primary cell wall is composed largely of... |
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Definition
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Term
| The three common types of cell junctions in animals are... |
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Definition
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Term
| The two common types of cell junctions in plants are... |
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Definition
| middle lamella, plasmodesmata |
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Term
| The four types of anchoring junctions are... |
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Definition
-adherens junctions
-desmosomes
-hemidesmosomes
-focal adhesions |
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Term
| The two types of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are... |
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Definition
Cadherins - link cells to one another
Integrins - link cells to the ECM |
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Term
| Tight junctions between cells, composed of _________ and ________ prevent the leakage of material across a layer of cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cells walls of adjacent plant cells are cemented together via ____________. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A group of cells that have a similar structure and function. |
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Term
|
Definition
| composed of two or more tissues and carries out a particular function or functions. |
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Term
| What six processes produce tissues and organs? |
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Definition
| cell division, cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, the formation of cell connections |
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Term
| The four general kinds of tissue found in animals are... |
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Definition
| epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle |
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Term
| The three general kinds of tissues found in plants are... |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ and ________ form layers of cells that are highly connected. These layers can be one cell thick or several cells thick. They serve as protective coverings. |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycosaminogylcans (GAGs) are... |
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Definition
| polysaccarides of repeating disaccaride units. (give ECM gel-like character) |
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Term
| Proteoglycans consists of... |
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Definition
| a core protein, surrounded by GAGs |
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Term
| The ECM in cartilage does what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| 2 Structural proteins are |
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Definition
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Term
| Animal cell anchoring junctions (1/4) Adherens junctions |
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Definition
| Connect cells to each other via cadherins. Organize into band around cells. Bind cytoskeletal filaments called actin filaments. |
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Term
| Animal cell anchoring junctions (2/4) Desmosomes |
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Definition
| Connect cells to each other via cadherins. Are spotlike points on intercellular contact that rivet cells together. |
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Term
| Animal cell anchoring junctions (3/4) Hemidesmosomes |
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Definition
| Connect cells to extracellular matrix via inegrins. Interact with intermediate filaments. |
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Term
| Animal cell anchoring junctions (4/4) Focal Adhesions |
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Definition
| Connect cells to extracellular matrix via integrins. Bind to actin filaments. |
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Term
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Definition
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