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Ch. 1 Vocab
Modern Chemistry
26
Chemistry
10th Grade
09/14/2009

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
the scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Term
Chemical
Definition
any substance that has a defined composition
Term
Mass
Definition
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that has mass and volume
Term
Atom
Definition
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
Term
Element
Definition
a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number
Term
Compound
Definition
a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
Term
Extensive Property
Definition
property that depends on the extent or size of a system
Term
Intensive Property
Definition
a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present, such as pressure, temperature, or density
Term
Physical Change
Definition
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
Term
Change of State
Definition
the change of a substance from one physical state to another
Term
Solid
Definition
the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
Term
Liquid
Definition
the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
Term
Gas
Definition
a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
Term
Plasma
Definition
in physical science, a state of matter that starts as a gas and then becomes ionized; it consists of free moving ions and electrons, it takes on an electric charge, and its properties differ from those of a solid liquid, or gas
Term
Chemical Property
Definition
a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
Term
Reactant
Definition
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
Term
Group
Definition
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties
Term
Family
Definition
A vertical column of the periodic table
Term
Period
Definition
in chemistry, a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Term
Metal
Definition
an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well
Term
Nonmetal
Definition
an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution
Term
Metalloid
Definition
an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals; sometimes referred to as a semiconductor
Term
Physical Property
Definition
a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color or hardness
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