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| scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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| early school of psychology that emphasized studying the most basic components, or structures, of conscious experiences |
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| developed school of psychology, structuralism |
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| ideas became the basis of the early school of psychology, functionalism |
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| emphasized studying the purpose, or function, of behavior and mental experiences |
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| personality theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasize the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior |
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| developed theory of psychoanalysis |
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| school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning |
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| pioneered the work of behaviorism |
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| school of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction |
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| largely the founder of humanistic psychology |
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| emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, and genetics |
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| psychodynamic perspective |
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| emphasize the importance of unconscious influences, early life experiences, and interpersonal relationships in explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior or i treating people with psychological problems |
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| emphasizes on observable behaviors and the fundamental laws of learning |
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| focuses on the motivation of people to grow psychologically |
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| cross-cultural perspective |
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| looks at how cultural factors influence patterns of behavior |
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| evolutionary perspective/evolutionism |
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| application of the principles of evolution to explain psychological processes and phenomena; grown out of the work of Charles Darwin |
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| research method used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effect that is produced on another variable |
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| in an experiment, the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, including the independent variable or treatment of intrest |
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| in an experiment, the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent variable or treatment of interest |
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| cells that are highly specialized to receive and transmit information from one part of the body to another |
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| primary internal communication network of the body, devided into central/peripheral nervous systems |
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| division of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| division of nervous system that includes all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system |
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| subdivision of peripheral nervous system that communicates sensory information to the central nervous system and carries motor messages from the central nervous system to the muscles (voluntary) |
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| subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary functions |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| branch of autonomic ns that maintains normal bodily functions and conserves the body's physical resources |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| branch of autonomic ns that produces rapid physical arousal in responce to perceived emergencies or threats |
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| system of glands located throughout the body that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
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| group of forebrain structures that form a border around the brainstema nd are involved in emotion, motivation, learning, and memory |
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| phenomenon in which the brain functions are shifted from damaged to undamaged brain areas |
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| phenomenon in which brain structures physicallly change in response to environmental influences |
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| process of detecting a physical stimulus, such as light, sound, heat, or pressure |
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| process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensations |
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| specialized cells unique to each sense organ that respond to a particular form of sensory stimulation |
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| process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system |
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| long, fluid-filled tube that carries a neuron's messages to other body areas |
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| a white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed |
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| chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron |
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