Term
| What are Panic Disorders characterized by? (3 things) |
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Definition
1) Heart beating strongly
2) Cannot breathe
3) Feel dizzy |
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Term
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Definition
| Intense euphoria, lots of energy |
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Term
- One or more manic episodes followed by depression
- Extreme confidence not based on reality
- Become aggressive
(A disorder) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common disorder? What is associated with it? |
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Definition
- Depression (Major Depressive Disorder)
- Abnormally LOW levels of the neurotransmitter SEROTONIN are associated w/ depression |
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Term
| What's the most common type of hallucination seen in schizophrenics? |
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Definition
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Term
"Split Mind"
- Becomes distracted by visual or auditory stimuli
- Wrong perceptions
- Emotions or responses out of place |
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Definition
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Term
| A massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness characterizes those within this disorder... |
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Definition
Dissociative Identity Disorder
(multiple personality disorder) |
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Term
| Person worries excessively about getting ill |
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Definition
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Term
- Shows NO conscience
- Lack of remorse
- Referred to as "psychopath"
- Breaking societal laws/rules
- Lies to everyone
- Addressive & impulsive |
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Definition
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Term
| Exaggerated sense of self-importance & self-absorption... expects special treatment |
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Definition
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
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Term
| Beliefs that have no foundation in reality |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a complication of panic disorder which results in anxiety about being in a place where escape from a panic attack is difficult or embarassing? |
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Definition
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Term
| The study in which psychologically normal adults were admitted to mental hospitals |
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Definition
| The Rosenhan Study (1973) |
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Term
| What is the chief drawback to the DSM? |
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Definition
| It is easy to confuse the diagnosis w/ the person to whom the diagnosis is attached |
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Term
| When was the first DSM-IV-TR printed? How many times was it revised? How many levels does it have? |
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Definition
- 1950
- Revised 6 times
- Has 5 levels |
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Term
| In Freud's time, people were either classified as ____ or ____ . |
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Definition
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Term
| The 2 types of hallucinations are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Factor that's most likely to be related to developing a psychological disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| When are psychological disorders most likely to occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Extreme, inflexible personality traits. Person doesn't believe he/she has a problem. |
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Definition
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Term
| The branch of medicine that treats problems of living |
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Definition
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Term
| The branch of medicine that treats problems of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Ongoing patterns of thoughts, feelings, & actions that are deviant, distressful, & dysfunctional |
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Definition
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Term
Name the following for John Watson's experiment:
UCS - ?
UCR - ?
NS - ?
CS - ?
CR - ?
(OPTIONS: cry & jump, pipes, rats) |
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Definition
UCS - rats
UCR - cry & jump
NS - pipes
CS - pipes
CR - cry & jump |
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Term
| Watson & Pavlov both shared a disdain for both ____ & _____ ? |
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Definition
1) "Mentalistic" concepts
2) Belief that the basic laws of learning were the same for all animals, whether dogs or humans |
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Term
| In classical conditioning, the unlearned, automatic response to an Unconditioned Stimulus is known as a(n)... |
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Definition
| Unconditioned Response (UR) |
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Term
| Ivan Pavlov experimented with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the association is formed, the neutral stimulus is now called ____, & the response it evokes is called the _____ |
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Definition
1) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
2) Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Term
A DOORBELL doesn't usually make you hungry.
MUSIC doesn't usually scare you.
These are examples of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The NS is paired with the what? |
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Definition
| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) |
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Term
| Under normal circumstances, _____ doesn't give you a distinct reaction... |
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Definition
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Term
Pizza makes a person HUNGRY.
A shark is SCARY.
These are examples of what? |
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Definition
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) |
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Term
PIZZA makes a person hungry.
A SHARK is scary.
These are examples of what? |
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Definition
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
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Term
| The reaction to the UCS is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| An event, object, or substance that naturally evokes a response |
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Definition
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Term
| What does classical conditioning line up with? |
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Definition
| The "Behaviorist School" of thought |
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Term
| Learning that occurs as a result of linking 2 events that are close together |
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Definition
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Term
| Occurs when a person/animal learns to associate one item, event, or stimulus with another item or event |
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Definition
| Classical conditioning (aka Associative Learning) |
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Term
| "Any relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience" |
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Definition
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Term
Name the following for the Pavlov experiment:
UCS - ?
UCR - ?
NS - ?
CS - ?
CR - ?
(OPTIONS: bell, salivate, food) |
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Definition
UCS - food
UCR - salivate
NS - bell
CS - bell
CR - salivate |
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Term
| What is the tendency to respond to a stimuli similar to the CS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus & other irrelevant stimuli? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the CS no longer signals an impending US, this is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is learning based on? |
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Definition
| The consequences following responses (behaviors) |
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Term
| What is used to shape voluntary behavior through the use of contigencies or consequences, called reinforcers and punishers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 examples of primary (natural) reinforcers ... |
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Definition
1) food
2) water
3) sexual contact |
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Term
| THIS occurs when a response (behavior) is followed by a pleasant or rewarding stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| Good grades, paychecks, nice clothes, & attention are all examples of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a response (behavior) is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, this is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A person cleaning their apartment to get rid of the mess, a person exempting a final for perfect attendance, and a person taking an aspirin to get rid of a headache are all examples of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a type of consequence that causes a behavior to become /less/ frequent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Removing all TV privileges or making kids sit in time out is an example of a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What involves the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus/event following behavior? (The stimulus/event acts to decrease the behavior from being repeated) |
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Definition
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Term
| You arrive late to high school & /receive/ a one-hour detention. This is an example of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What involves the /removal/ of stimulus or event (usually pleasant) following a behavior? It acts to decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. |
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Definition
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Term
| You skip basic psychology class, so you /lose/ points off your total grade for attendance/participation, assignments, and quizzes. This is an example of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a procedure in which reinforcers, such as food, gradually guide an animal's actions toward a desired behavior? Name an example. |
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Definition
Shaping
EX: treats for when a dog does a trick |
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Term
| Giving rewards at certain increments is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a desired behavior increases, it is most likely being _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Learning through watching another person's behavior is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
Who studied classical conditioning?
(Pavlov, Watson, or Bandura) |
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Definition
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Term
Who studied operant conditioning?
(Pavlov, Watson, or Bandura) |
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Definition
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Term
Who studied the Social Learning Theory?
(Pavlov, Watson, or Bandura) |
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Definition
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Term
| We can learn by watching others, as long as we remember what we saw and are motivated to imitate the actions. We also learn by seeing the consequences of other actions. This is known as the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The "Bobo doll" experiment that was done to see if watching violent TV could promote violent behavior was run by whom? |
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Definition
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