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Definition
| nations characterized by highly industrialized economies, technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations, and relatively high levels of national and per capita income |
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| nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income |
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| primarily agrarian nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income |
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| consisted of the rich, industrialized nations that primarily had capitalist economic systems and democratic political systems |
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| countries with at least a moderate level of economic development and a moderate standard of living |
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| the poorest countries, with little to no industrialization and the lowest standards of living, shortest life expectancies, and highest rates of mortality |
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| Castells's term for the process by which certain individuals and groups are systematically barred from access to positions that would enable them to have an autonomous livelihood in keeping with the social standards and values of a given social context |
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| levels of development approach |
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Definition
| there are developed and underdeveloped nations. The underdeveloped strive to follow the path of the developed to one day reach their level of development |
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| the world is split into three categories: high income, middle income and low income economies. This division is based off of three criteria: how the people, the environment, and the economy are doing |
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| typically the age that people are expected to live to is lower in poorer societies and higher in more developed nations due to the availability of health care and shelter and such |
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| a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
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| a perspective that links global inequality to different levels of economic development and suggests that low income economies can move to middle and high income economies by achieving self sustained economic growth |
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| roston development theory |
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Definition
in order for underdeveloped nations to follow the path of developed nations, they must go through four stages of development:
traditional stage, takeoff stage, technological maturity, high mass consumption |
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Term
| traditional stage, roston |
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Definition
| very little social change takes place and people do not think much about changing their current circumstances |
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Definition
| a period of economic growth accompanied by a growing belief in individualism, competition, and achievement. people start to look toward the future to save and invest money while discarding traditional values |
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| technological maturity, roston |
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Definition
| country will improve its technology, reinvest in new industries, and embrace the beliefs, values, and social institutions of the high income developed nations |
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| high mass consumption, roston |
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Definition
| average person in society must "buy buy buy" to support the new industrialized nation |
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| the belief that global poverty can at least partially be attributed to the fact that the low income countries have been exploited by the high income countries |
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| suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties. (global inequality does not emergy solely as a result of the exploitation of one country by another) |
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Definition
| according to world systems theory, dominant capitalist centers characterized by high levels of industrialization and urbanization |
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| according to world systems theory, nations that are more developed than peripheral nations but less developed than core nations |
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| according to world systems theory, nations that are dependent on core nations for capital, have little or no industrialization, and have uneven patterns of urbanization |
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| international division of labor theory |
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Definition
| commodity production is being split into fragments that can be assigned to whichever part of the world can provide the most profitable combination of capital and labor |
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| a complex pattern of international labor and production processes that results in a finished commodity ready for sale in the marketplace |
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| producer driven commodity chains |
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Definition
| industries in which transnational corps. play a central part in controlling the production process |
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| buyer driven commodity chains |
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Definition
| industries in which large retailers, brand name merchandisers, and trading companies set up decentralized production networks in various middle and low income countries |
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