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CH 9 Cardiovascular System
Chapter 9 from HUman Biology by Coleen Belk
60
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/09/2011

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Term
cardiovascular system
Definition
consists of the vascular system, the heart, and the blood that travels through these organs. The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system make up the circulatory system.
Term
blood vessels
Definition
components of the vascular system that carry blood through the body. Include arteries, veins, and capillaries
Term
Arteries
Definition
carry blood from the heart
Term
veins
Definition
bring blood back to the heart
Term
capillaries
Definition
tiny thin-walled blood vessels that create a net of channels between the smallest arteries and the smallest veins
Term
pulse
Definition
the wave of blood that flows into an artery that corresponds with the contraction of the heart muscle
Term
arterioles
Definition
the smallest arteries, lack the elasticity of the major arteries because they do not have a connective tissue sleeve
Term
capillary beds
Definition
interconnected networks of vessels. The exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes only occurs in these
Term
precapillary sphicters
Definition
surround the arterial ends of capillary beds. Can contract to cut off blood flow through the bed.
Term
venules
Definition
small vessels that collect blood from the downstream end of a capillary bed. they drain into veins
Term
respiratory pump
Definition
physical process in which pressure in the abdominal cavity increases while pressure in the chest cavity decreases while breathing occurs. Abdominal veins become compressed and thoracic veins dilate
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
collects excesss liquid from capillary beds. parallel to the vascular system.
Term
lymph
Definition
fluid from from the the tissues along with patrolling white blood cells that drain into open-ended lymphatic capillaries
Term
lymph ducts
Definition
when multiple lymph vessels merge together, lymph ducts return lymph to veins in the chest
Term
Blood Pressure
Definition
the force of blood against arterial walls, created in part by the pulse of blood ejected from the contracting heart. Elasticity of artery walls dampens pulse, keeps BP steady.
Term
hypertension
Definition
chronically high blood pressure
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
accumulation of plaques within the walls of the arteries
Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition
device that measures blood pressure.
Term
systolic pressure
Definition
highest pressure in the artery.
Term
diastolic pressure
Definition
lowest blood pressure in the artery
Term
aneurysm
Definition
a bulge in a blood vessel that can become a rupture.
Term
stroke
Definition
when blockages occur in blood vessels serving the brain, and part of the brain tissue dies
Term
aorta
Definition
the portal from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Term
artificial hearts
Definition
a pump implanted in the chest that takes the place of a heart. Powered by a battery that a person wears on their hip
Term
atriventricular valves
Definition
valves that connect the atria and ventricles in the heart. On the right side, it's the tricuspid valve, on the left, the bicuspid
Term
atrium
Definition
thin-walled, elastic. one of the parts of the pump in the heart. Right side receives oxygen poor-blood from the body and sends it to the lungs, the Left takes blood from the lungs and sends it to the body.
Term
heart
Definition
.... for real? muscly organ that pumps blood through the body
Term
heart failure
Definition
when a heart's ability to pump blood through the body is impaired, sometimes due to heart attacks and problems with coronary circulation.
Term
heart murmur
Definition
heart valve malfunction that sounds like swishing or whistling in a stethoscope
Term
hepatic portal system
Definition
direct connection between most of the organs of the digestive system and the liver, which processes and detoxifies many of the components that enter the body through diet
Term
inferior vena cava
Definition
major vein that carries blood from the abdomen and legs
Term
pericardium
Definition
a membranous sac that holds a small quantity of lubricating liquid and surrounds the heart
Term
pulmonary artery
Definition
line from the right atrium to the lungs
Term
pulmonary circuit
Definition
part of the c-v system that moves blood into the lungs and returns it to the heart
Term
pulmonary veins
Definition
where oxygen picked up by the bloodstream at the lungs returns to the heart
Term
semilunar valves
Definition
valves that blood pumped out of the heart passes through, named for the half-moon-shaped flaps they contain. they close after each heart contraction
Term
superior vena cava
Definition
major vein that carries blood from the head, neck, and arms
Term
systemic circuit
Definition
part of the c-v system that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Term
ventricle
Definition
thick-walled, other half of the pump mechanism of the heart
Term
arrythmia
Definition
an unusual heart rhythm
Term
artificial pacemaker
Definition
device that overrides the SA node, provides steady heart rhythm, implanted in the chest.
Term
atriventricular (AV) node
Definition
site that sends electrical signal from SA node to rest of the heart through neurons
Term
cardiac arrest
Definition
when the heart suddenly stops beating, usually caused when electrical impulses in the heart become too fast
Term
cardiac cycle
Definition
the complete sequence within the heart of filling with blood and then pumping it out
Term
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Definition
compressing the chest to force blood through the vascular system. provides limited replacement for a nonpumping heart, but rarely triggers heart back into action
Term
defibrillators
Definition
metal paddles that deliver a strong electric current tot he chest, used to reverse fibrillation
Term
diastole
Definition
relaxed period that allows blood to flow into the heart
Term
electrocardiogram (ECG)
Definition
graph that shows the electrical output of the heart
Term
fibrillation
Definition
when the heart muscle contracts chaotically
Term
myocardium
Definition
the haert muscle
Term
sinoatrial (SA) node
Definition
acts as the heart's pacemaker by sending out electricla signals
Term
systole
Definition
contracion phase of the cardiac cycle
Term
angina
Definition
Chest discomfort, caused by the gradual reduction of blood flow through coronary arteries during exertion.
Term
angioplasty
Definition
a procedure that increases the internal diameter of coronary blood vessels by compressing plaques against the vessel walls. Done with severe blockages
Term
cardiac veins
Definition
veins from the heart that drain into the right atrium
Term
coronary arteries
Definition
the vessels that bring blood to the heart muscles from the aorta
Term
coronary bypass surgery
Definition
procedure where new blood vessels are attached to the heart to carry blood past the blocked arteries
Term
coronary heart disease
Definition
a blockage in the coronary arteries
Term
heart attack
Definition
layman's term for a myocardial infarction
Term
myocardial infarction (MI)
Definition
when a blockage in a coronary artery restricts or stops blood flow
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