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Ch 8: Class and Stratification in the US
N/A
27
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
07/18/2011

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Term
social mobility
Definition
the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another
Term
intergenerational mobility
Definition
the social movement (upward or downward) experienced by family members from one generation to the next
Term
intragenerational mobility
Definition
the social movement (upward or downward) of individuals within their own lifetime
Term
slavery
Definition
an extreme form of stratification in which some people are owned by others
Term
caste system
Definition
a system of social inequality in which people's status is permanently determined at birth based on their parents' ascribed characteristics
Term
class system
Definition
a type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do
Term
capitalist class
Definition
bourgeoisie
Marx's term for the class that consists of those who own and control the means of production
Term
working class
Definition
proletariat
Marx's term for those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive
Term
alienation
Definition
a feeling of powerlessness from other people and from oneself
(alienation from owner, product, other workers, and self)
Term
class conflict
Definition
Marx's term for the struggle between the capitalist class and the working class
Term
wealth
Definition
the value of all of a person's or family's economic assets, including income, personal property, and income-producing property
Term
prestige
Definition
the respect or regard with which a person or status position is regarded by others
Term
power
Definition
Weber's term for the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others
Term
socioeconomic status
Definition
a combined measure that, in order to determine class location, attempts to classify individuals, families, or households in terms of factors such as income, occupation and education
Term
the weberian model of the us class structure
Definition
1. upper (capitalist) class - investments, inheritance, executives
2. upper middle class - professional, managerial positions
3. middle class - white collar, highly skilled blue collar jobs
4. working class - factory, clerical, retail jobs
5. working poor - laborers, service industry jobs
6. underclass - temporary, seasonal, part time jobs
Term
pink collar occupations
Definition
relatively low paying, nonmanual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women, such as day care workers, checkout clerks, cashiers, and waitpersons
Term
marxian model of the us class structure
Definition
there's a capitalist class/bourgiousie and a working class/proletariat. in society, the rich keep getting richer and the poor keep getting poorer
Term
wright's model of the us class structure
Definition
based on ownership and control of the means of production and the labor of others
1. capitalist class
2. managerial class - have substantial control over the means of production and over workers
3. small business class
4. the working class
Term
income
Definition
the economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers (government aid), and ownership of property
Term
absolute poverty
Definition
a level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life
Term
relative poverty
Definition
a condition that exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living
Term
feminization of poverty
Definition
the trend in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty
Term
job deskilling
Definition
a reduction in the proficiency needed to perform a specific job that leads to a corresponding reduction in the wages for that job
Term
meritocracy
Definition
a hierarchy in which all positions are rewarded based on people's ability and credentials
Term
functionalist perspective: social inequality
Definition
some degree of social inequality is necessary for the smooth functioning of society (in order to fill the most important functions) and thus is inevitable
Term
conflict perspective: social inequality
Definition
powerful individuals and groups use ideology to maintain their favored positions in society at the expense of others, and the wealth is not necessary in order to motivate people
Term
symbolic interactionist perspective: social inequality
Definition
the beliefs and actions of people reflect their class location in society
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