Term
| What causes an earthquake? |
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Definition
| Earthquakes are caused by the vibrations of Earth's produced by the sudden release of energy |
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Term
| Describe the location of an epicenter and focus. |
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Definition
| Epicenter is the location on the surface of Earth directly above the focus. Focus is the point within the Earth where the earthquake starts. |
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Term
| What is the elastic Rebound Hypothesis? How does it relate to earthquake? |
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Definition
| Elastic rebound hypothesis is the release of built-up energy. Most earthquake are produced by the release of elastic energy stored in rocks that has been subjected to great forces |
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Term
| Describe aftershocks and fore shocks. |
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Definition
| Aftershocks are small quakes that come after a major earthquake. Fore shocks are small quakes that come before a major earthquake. |
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Term
| How are earthquake measured? |
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Definition
| Historically, scientist have used two different types of measurement to describe the size of an earthquake-intensity and magnitude |
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Term
| Describe the following earthquake waves: surface, S waves, and P waves. |
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Definition
Surface waves= seismic waves that travel along Earth's outer layers. They move up, down, and side to side. Most destructive earthquake wave. Last to arrive at the seismograph.
S waves= shake particles at right angles to their travel.
P waves= They push and pull rocks in the direction the wave travels. |
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Term
| How do scientist locate earthquakes? |
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Definition
| The difference in velocities of P waves provides a way to locate the epicenter. |
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Term
| Where do most earthquake occur? |
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Definition
| Most of these occur around the outer edge of the Pacific Ocean. |
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Term
| Describe each of the different scales used to measure earthquakes. |
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Definition
| Richter Scale= measures the magnitude of an earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stable soil turns into a liquid that is not able to support buildings or other structures |
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Term
| What causes tsunamis? What warning system is used? |
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Definition
| A tsunamis is called a seismic sea wave. A tsunami is triggered by an earthquake. It occurs where a slab of ocean floor is displaced vertically along a fault. |
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Term
| What are some other dangers that can occur due to earthquakes? |
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Definition
| Landslides and ground subsidence or the ground triggered by the vibrations occurs. |
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Term
| Describe the layers of the crust: |
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Definition
Crust-lithosphere
The lithosphere consists of the uppermost mantle.
It is cool and rigid shell
100 kilometers thick |
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Term
| Describe Continental Drift: |
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Definition
| The continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had one been joined to form a single supercontinent. |
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Term
| Who came up with the idea of continental drift? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of evidence is present to verify the idea of continental drift? |
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Definition
| Shorelines look they fit together |
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Term
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Definition
| According to the plate tectonics theory, the uppermost mantle, along with the overlying crust. |
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Term
| How many plates are there? |
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Definition
| There are 7 major plates and 6 minor plates. The largest is the Pacific plate which covers most of the Pacific ocean. |
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Term
| What happen at plate boundaries |
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Definition
| The grinding movement of Earth's lithosphere plates generate earthquakes, create volcanoes, and deform large masses of rock into mountains. |
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Term
| Describe each of the boundaries and tell what is happening at each |
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Definition
| Divergent and Convergent, Transform |
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Term
| What are some evidences of plate tectonics? |
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Definition
| Paleomagnetism, Earthquake patterns, Ocean drilling, Hot spots |
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Term
| What is the driving force of plate tectonics? |
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Definition
| Convection occuring in the mantle is the basic driving force for plate movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to Earth's surface |
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