Term
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Definition
| Faults are fractures in Earth where movement has occurred |
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Term
| An earthquake's epicenter is.... |
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Definition
| Is the location on the surface directly above the focus |
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Term
| When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source, which is called... |
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Definition
| Focus. The point within Earth where the earthquake starts is called the focus |
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Term
| Earthquakes are usually associated with.... |
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Definition
| Earthquakes are usually associated with large fractures in Earth's crust and mantle called faults |
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Term
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Definition
| Earthquake occur due to the release of built-up energy |
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Term
| Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to great forces? |
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Definition
| Elastic energy stored in rocks |
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Term
| During an earthquake, the ground surface.... |
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Definition
| Can move in any direction |
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Term
| The adjustments of material that follow a major earthquake often generate smaller earthquake called... |
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Definition
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Term
| Major earthquakes are sometimes preceded by smaller earthquakes called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The slow continuous movement that occurs along some fault zones is referred to as... |
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Definition
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Term
| The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 occurred along what fault? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which seismic waves travel most rapidly? |
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Definition
| P waves travel most rapidly. |
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Term
| What is true about P waves? |
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Definition
| P waves are push-pull waves-they push and pull the rocks in the direction the waves travel. |
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Term
| Overall, which seismic waves are the most destructive? |
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Definition
| The surface waves are the most destructive, because surface waves move in an up-down, side to side motion. |
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Term
| What is the minimum number of seismic stations that is needed to determine the location of an earthquake's epicenter? |
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Definition
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Term
| An earthquake's magnitude is... |
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Definition
| a measure of the size of the size of the seismic waves or the amount of energy released at the source of the earthquake |
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Term
| What instrument records earthquake waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of an increase in wave amplitude is seen from an earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter scale compared to one measuring 4.4? |
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Definition
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Term
| A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine earthquake is called a(n).... |
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Definition
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Term
| In areas where unconsolidated sediments are saturated with water, earthquakes can turn stable soil into a fluid through a process..... |
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Definition
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Term
| Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rocks on slopes to fail and cause a.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires? |
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Definition
| The fires started when gas and electrical lines were cut. |
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Term
| Long-range earthquake forecasts are based on the idea that earthquakes are..... |
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Definition
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Term
| What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere? |
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Definition
| Crust and uppermost mantle |
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Term
| Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted? |
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Definition
| Outer core, because it is liquid |
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Term
| Earth's core is made of an alloy of.... |
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Definition
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Term
| Wegener's continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to form.... |
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Definition
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Term
| The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called.... |
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Definition
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Term
| In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided into... |
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Definition
| Plates and plates can be made up of both continental and oceanic lithosphere. |
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Term
| A tectonic plate consists of... |
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Definition
| Crust and uppermost mantle |
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Term
| A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a.... |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a transform fault boundary? |
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Definition
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Term
| New ocean crust is formed at... |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates? |
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Definition
| This process results in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor (seafloor spreading) |
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Term
| The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary? |
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Definition
| Continental (convergent boundary) |
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Term
| Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary? |
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Definition
| Oceanic (convergent boundaries) |
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