Term
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Definition
| Similar to penicillins; bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which disrupts cell wall synthesis and activates autolysins; most effective against cells undergoing active growth and division |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st generation Cephlosporins |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd generation Cephlosporins |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd generation Cephlosporins |
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Term
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Definition
| 4th generation Cephlosporins - can enter CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| Approved Nov 2010 - good for MRSA |
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Term
| Adverse Effects of Cephlosporins |
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Definition
i.Allergic reactions—Most frequent adverse effect; maculopapular rash most common – treat with Benadryl; anaphylaxis can occur; may have cross-sensitivity with penicillins
1.If allergy occurs, discontinue medication, give epinephrine and respiratory support in cases of anaphylaxis
ii.Bleeding—Cefotetan causes bleeding tendencies by reduction of prothrombin levels by interference with vitamin K- Monitor PT, PTT, INR
iii.Thrombophlebitis (swelling, redness)—With IV infusion, rotate sites and administer slowly with dilute solution
iv.Other adverse effects—Pain at IM injection site, suprainfection with C. difficile |
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Term
| Drug Interactions with Cephlosporins |
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Definition
i.Probenecid—Delays renal excretion
ii.Alcohol—Cefotetan induces state of alcohol intolerance (a disulfiram-like reaction); do not use any alcohol with this drug (sick, vomiting, hangover-like)
iii.Drugs that promote bleeding—Caution with cefotetan, coumadin, warfarin, (monitor INR & PT)
iv.Calcium and Ceftriaxone- forms potentially fatal precipitates is combines: don’t reconstitute with Lactated Ringer’s solution (LR), don’t mix reconstituted ceftriaxone with calcium containing solutions, Don’t give IV ceftriaxone and IV calcium by same route or different routes within 48 hours of each other, If a patient must receive both use oral calcium or IM ceftriaxone – Never mix calcium and ceftriaxone!!!! |
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Term
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Definition
This is a Carbapenem -Broad spectrum. Binds to PBP1 and PBP2 inhibiting cell wall.
; Highly effective against gram-positive and most gram-negative cocci and bacilli and anaerobic bacteria |
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Term
| Adverse Effects of Imipenem (Primaxin) |
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Definition
| GI effects most common (N/V/D); hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, itching, drug fever); suprainfections; rare seizures from drug |
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Term
| Vancomycin (Vancocin)Class, MOA, spectrum |
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Definition
a.Medication Class: Glycopeptide antibiotic
b.Mechanism of Action: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal
c.Antimicrobial Spectrum: Gram positive organisms only
i.Used only for serious infections like C.Difficile and MRSA |
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Term
| Averse Effects of Vancomycin (Vancocin) |
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Definition
| #1 Ototoxicity – call physician, they may stop med. Red man syndrome caused by rapid infusion (flushing, rash, itching, tachycardia, decreased BP); do not give by rapid infusion (give over at least 60 minutes, usually given over 90 minutes). Thrombophlebitis |
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Term
| Nursing implications of Vancomycin (Vancocin) |
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Definition
i.Preadministration Assessment: Renal function
ii.Administration: IV for systemic infections; oral for antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis
iii.Monitoring: Adverse effects, trough concentration (monitor serum drug levels) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits PBP3, disrupts cell wall; Gram negative only |
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Term
| Aztreonam (Azactam) Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| Pain and thrombophlebitis at site of injection |
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Term
| The only Carbapenem Prototype |
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Definition
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