Term
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Definition
| Results in loss of fuction below site of injury. Depending on which nerve tracts are damaged, injury may result in paralysis, loss of sensation, or both. If cord is completely severed, then there is complete loss of sensation and voluntary movemet below the level of the cut. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by trauma to neurons in regions of the brain responsible for stimulating the cerebrum. (RAS). Person is totally unresponsive to all sensory input and cannot be awaken. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by an interruption of blow flow to a region of the brain, such that nerve cells die. The extent and type of impairment caused by a stroke depend on the affected region of the brain. Common causes are blood clot blocks a vessel, fatty deposits block a vessel. |
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Term
| Tension Vs Migraine Headaches? |
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Definition
| Tension- caused by muscle contraction in the head, face, and neck. Migraine- caused by an imbalance in the brain's chemistry, low levels of the neurotransmitter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Somatic, Automatic- Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
| Functions of the subdivision of the PNS? |
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Definition
| Somatic- governs conscious sensations and voluntary movements. Automatic- Governs unconscious, involuntary internal activities. Sympathetic- Prepares the body for fight-or-flight. Parasympathetic- adjusts body functions so that energy is conserved during restful times. |
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Term
| how many cranial and spinal nerves are there and what are there functions? |
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Definition
| Cranial- has 12 pairs, and service the structures of the head and certain body parts, including the heart. Spinal- Has 31 pairs, each services a specific region of the body. all carry both sensory and motor fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an automatic response to a stimulus in a pre-wired circuit called a reflex arc. Parts of the circuit are Receptor, Sensory neuron, Interneuron (at least one, Motor neuron, Effector. Spinal reflexes are decisions made by the spinal cord when a speedy reaction is safer. |
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Term
| what is the Reticular Activating system (RAS) its structure and function? |
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Definition
| RAS- filters sensory input and keeps the cerebral cortex in an alert state. When sleep centers inhibit RAS- we sleep. Activation of RAS wakes us up. Structure- tube of neural tissue (central canal within), protected by stacked vertebrae of the vertebral column, white matter toward surface; gray matter in center. Function- conducts messages between the brain and the body, serves as a reflex center. |
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Term
| Limbic system and its function? |
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Definition
| Includes several brain structures that produce emotions and memory. the storage ad retrieval of information takes place in two stages. Short term memory - holds a small amount of information for a few seconds or mins. Long term memory- stores limitless amounts of information for hours, days or years. The hippocampus and amygdala are involved. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medulla oblongata, mid brain, pons. |
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Term
| Function of the medulla oblongata, mid brain, and pons. |
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Definition
| M.O.- contains reflex centers to regulate the rhythm of breathing force and rate of the heartbeat, and blood pressure. Midbrain- processes information about sights and sounds, controls simple reflex responses to these stimuli, such as turning your head toward a loud sound. Pons- Means "bridge" connects the spinal cord and cerebellum with the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Has a region that assists the medulla in regulating respiration. |
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Term
| Function of the Cerebellum? |
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Definition
| integrates information from the motor cortex and sensory pathways to produce smooth, well timed voluntary movements, controls equilibrium and posture. |
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Term
| Function of the Thalamus and Hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Thalamus- serves as the relay station of the brain for all sensory information except smell. Hypothalamus- maintains homeostasis by regulating blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, digestion, and body temperature. coordinates the nervous and endocrine systems by influencing the pituitary gland. |
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Term
| What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| Central nervous system (CNS)and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Term
| What does the CNS and PNS consist of? |
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Definition
| CNS- Consists of the brain and spinal cord , integrates incoming information and coordinates all voluntary and involuntary nervous functions. PNS- consists of ganglia and the nerves that branch from the CNS. Keeps the CNS in contact with the rest of the body. |
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Term
| The 3 connective tissue membranes that form the meninges? |
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Definition
| Dura mater- outermost layer, Arachnoid- Middle layer. Pia Mater- innermost. |
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Term
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Definition
| (inflammation of the the meninges) is caused by bacteria and viruses and can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). |
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Term
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Definition
| Space between meninges, ventricles(internal cavities of brain), Central canal(cavity within the spinal cord). Functions- shock absorption, support, Nourishment and waste removal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure- Formed by tight junctions between cells in the walls of capillaries supplying the CNS. Function- Protects the CNS by selecting the substances that can enter the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood. Inhibits many potentially life-saving, infection- fighting, or tumor-suppressing drugs that are not lipid soluble from reaching brain tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| The thinking, conscious part of the brain. Separated into two hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure. Each hemisphere receives sensory information from and directs movements of the opposite side of the body. Each hemisphere has a thin outer layer called the cerebral cortex Outer layer of gray matter White matter layer beneath |
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Term
| Gray Matter, white matter? |
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Definition
| Gray matter- includes neuroglial cells, nerve cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons. White matter- cosists mostly of myelinated axons. allows for communication between various areas of the brain, and between the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| band of white matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. |
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Term
| The four lobes of the brain and their function? |
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Definition
| Frontal lobe- motor, decision making. Parietal lobe- sensory. Temporal lobe- hearing. Occipital lobe- vision. |
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Term
| The primary motor and the primary sensory regions of the cerebral cortex functions? |
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Definition
| Sensory areas- primary somatosensory area receives sensory information from the body. Motor areas- primary motor area- controls the skeletal muscles. Premotor ortex- coordinates learned motor skills. Association areas- communicate with the sensory area, motor areas, and other parts of the brain to analyze and act on sensory input. Prefrontal cortex enables us to reason and think. |
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