Shared Flashcard Set

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CH 7
bio
15
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/12/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Definition

 

 

The molecule of heredity, common to all life forms, that is passed from parents to offspring.

Term

 

 

Chromosome

Definition

 

 

A single, large DNA molecule wrapped around proteins. Chromosomes are located in the nulei of most eukaryotic cells. 

Term

 

 

Nucleotides

Definition

 

 

The building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. The sequence of nucleotides (A s, C s, G s, T s) along a DNA strand is unique to each person. 

Term

 

 

Double Helix

Definition

 

 

The spiral structure formed by two strands of DNA nucleotides bound together. 

Term

 

 

DNA Profile

Definition

 

 

A visual representation of a person's unique DNA sequence. 

Term

 

 

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Definition

 

 

A lavoratory technique used to replicate, and thus amplify, a specific DNA segment. 

Term

 

 

DNA Replication

Definition

 

 

The natural process by which cells make an idential copy of DNA molecule. 

Term

 

 

Complementary 

Definition

 

 

Two strands of DNA are said to be complementary in that A always pairs with T, and G always pairs with C. 

Term

 

 

DNA Polymerase

Definition

 

 

An enzyme that "reads" the sequence of a DNA strand and helps to add complementary nucleotides to form a new strand during DNA replication. 

Term

 

 

Semi-Conservative

Definition

 

DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because each newly made DNA molecule has one original and one new strand of DNA.

Term

 

 

Genome

Definition

 

 

One complete set of genetic instructions encoded in the DNA of an organism.

Term

 

 

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Definition

 

 

Sections of a chromosome in which DNA sequences are repeated. 

Term

 

 

Coding Regions

Definition

 

 

Sequences of DNA that serve as instructions for making proteins. 

Term

 

 

Noncoding Regions

Definition

 

 

DNA sequences that do not hold instructions to make proteins. 

Term

 

 

Gel Electrophoresis

Definition

 

 

A lavoratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size

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