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Ch 7.3 - Cardiovascular System
Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms; do reverse side first
41
Classics
Undergraduate 2
10/05/2009

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Term
thrombus
Definition
a stationary blood clot
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial walls
Term
artherosclerosis, artheromatous plaque
Definition
buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries; a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat
Term
embolus
Definition
a clot carried in the bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges
Term
stenosis
Definition
condition of narrowing of a part
Term
constriction
Definition
compression of a part
Term
occlusion
Definition
plugging, obstruction or a closing off
Term
ischemia
Definition
to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
Term
perfusion deficit
Definition
a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion
Term
infarct
Definition
to stuff; a localized area of cell death caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygen to the heart caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries
Term
aneurysm
Definition
a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness
Term
claudication
Definition
to limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
profuse sweating
Term
heart murmur
Definition
an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves
Term
palpitation
Definition
subjective experience of pounding, skipping or racing heartbeats
Term
vegetation
Definition
to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
Term
arteriosclerotic heart disease
Definition
a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity and susceptibility to rupture - seen most often in aged or smokers
Term
bacterial endocarditis
Definition
a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves
Term
cardiac tamponade
Definition
compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart
Term
cardiomyopathy
Definition
a general term for disease of the heart muscle
Term
congenital anomaly of the heart
Definition
malformations of the heart present at birth
Term
atrial septal defect (ASD)
Definition
an opening in the septum separating the atria
Term
coarctation of the aorta
Definition
narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body
Term
patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by the failure of the fetal ductus arteriosis to close after birth
Term
ventricular septal defect
Definition
an opening in the septum separating the ventricles
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Definition
failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body
Term
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Definition
a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium - most often caused by artherosclerosis
Term
hypertension
Definition
persistently high blood pressure
Term
essential primary hypertension
Definition
high blood pressure attributed to no single cause but risks include smoking obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors
Term
secondary hypertension
Definition
high BP caused be the effects of another disease
Term
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Definition
protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
Term
myocardial infarction (MI)
Definition
heart attack
Term
myocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral of bacterial infection
Term
pericarditis
Definition
inflammation of the pericardium
Term
phlebitis
Definition
inflammation of the vein
Term
rheumatic heart disease
Definition
damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever
Term
thrombophlebitis
Definition
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
Term
varicose veins
Definition
abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs
Term
deep vein thrombosis
Definition
formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
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