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| a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little else in common |
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| a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic, such as education level, age, race, or gender |
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| a group to which a person belongs and with which that person feels a sense of identity |
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| a group to which a person does not belong and toward which the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility |
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| a group that strongly influences a person's behavior and social attitudes, regardless of whether that individual is an actual member |
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| a web of social relationships that links one person with other people and, through them, with other people they know |
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| a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to interact simultaneously |
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| a group composed of 3 members |
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| goal or task oriented leadership |
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| an approach to leadership that provides emotional support for members |
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| people who make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members |
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| leaders who encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building |
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| leaders who are only minimally involved in decision making and who encourage group members to make their own decisions |
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| the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture, or other group |
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| the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise |
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| an organizational model characterized by hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters |
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| the process by which traditional methods of social organization, characterized by informality and spontaneity, are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures |
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| an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon |
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| informal side of a bureaucracy |
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| those aspects of participants' day to day activities and interactions that ignore, bypass, or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy |
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| a process that occurs in organizations when the rules become an end in themselves rather than a means to an end, and organizational survival becomes more important that achievement of goals |
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| a psychological construct that describes those workers who are more concerned with following correct procedures than they are with getting the job done correctly |
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Michels
the tendency of bureaucracies to be ruled by a few people |
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