Term
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Definition
large molecules made by DNA and contain C,H,O,N
built from 20 amino acids connected by peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
connot be produced in sufficient qualities
- histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalnine, threonine, tryptophan, valine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of an amine group from essential acid to a different acid group and side chain to make nonessiental acid |
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Term
| conditionally essential amino acids |
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Definition
| nonessential turned essential (PKU-phenylanine is not avalible so the body cannot make tyrosine(ne) |
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Term
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Definition
| mental retardation, delayed development, seizure, hyperactivity, poor bones, skin rashes, no melanin, small head |
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Term
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Definition
gene expression- cells use genes to make proteins
transcription- mRNA copies info form genes
translation- RNA is converted to amino acid sequence |
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Term
| organization determines function |
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Definition
| order of amino acids and spiral shape from twist in chain |
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Term
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Definition
| lose shapes due to heat, acid, base, metal, alcohol, digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| all 9 amino acids mostly derived form animal source and soy(not infants) |
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Term
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Definition
| combine two or more incomplete proteins to complete |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more foods combined to supply 9 acids |
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Term
| protein digestion in stomach |
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Definition
| HCl denatures proteins and activates pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme breaks down protiens into short polypeptides and amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone controls HCl and pepsin |
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Term
| digestion in small intestine |
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Definition
pancreatic protease complete digestion
special sites absorb and transport amino acids, di/tri peptides
high dose of single amino acid lead to competition at the site and leads to toxicity and defiences |
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Term
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Definition
chemical score- amount of limiting amino acid in one food compared to same amino acid in another food
PDCAAs- higher digestablilty =more complete( animal and soy are 90% absorbed) |
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Term
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Definition
cell growth and repair
enzynes and hormones
fluid and electrolyte balance
acid base balance
immune
energy source
nutrient transport and storage |
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Term
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Definition
| nitrogen balance determines protein need |
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Term
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Definition
.8g per kg of body weight
10-35%
higher during growth in children and pregos
no mor ethan 2g per kg |
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Term
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Definition
high cholesterol and heart disease (bc saturated fat in animals)
bone loss- inc Ca secretion
kidney problems |
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Term
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Definition
| people with type 2 diabetes need low protein diet |
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Term
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Definition
lower fat and total energy intake
lower blood pressure
dec risk of heart disease
dec digestive problems
dec risk in cancer,kidney, gallstones |
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Term
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Definition
| low in nutrients vitamin D, B12, riboflavinB2, zinc and iron |
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Term
| protein energy malnutrition |
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Definition
inadequate protein and energy intake
BMI <16kg |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of protein and CHOs and includes: muscle wasting, stunted brain development, learning,metabolism and growth, anemia, weak immune, skin and bones |
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Term
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Definition
| CHO intake is greater than protein (normal calorie intake) and includes: weight loss, muscle wasting, retarded growth and development, edema, fluid imbalance, distention of belly, fatty degeneration of liver, skin problems and hair loss, |
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Term
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Definition
inherited disease that cannot breakdown phenylalanine so it builds up in tissue and cause brain damage
should be noted at birth and has to live on a low PKU diet |
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Term
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Definition
disease of RBC form both parents
- cells are cresent shaped causing them to be hard and sticky so blood flow is restricted
-damages organs expically spleen
-short life span= anemia
-impaired vision, headaches, convulsions, bone degeneration |
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Term
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Definition
inherited disease affecting respitory and digestive
alteration of chloride transport in cell
cells create thick sticky mucus
wheezing coughing and stunted growth |
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