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| Two or more users have individual accounts that allow them to work with programs and peripheral devices at the same time. |
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| The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time. |
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| The operating system can support two or more CPUs. |
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| All computers rely on an OS to provide |
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| the interface for the interaction between users, applications, and hardware. |
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| All operating systems perform the same four basic functions: |
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| Control hardware access Manage files and folders Provide a user interface Manage applications |
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| To access and communicate with each hardware component, the OS uses a program called |
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| Assigning system resources and installing drivers are performed with a |
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| plug-and-play (PnP) process |
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| If the OS cannot locate a device driver |
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| a technician must install the driver manually either by using the media that came with the device or downloading it from the manufacturer’s website. |
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| The OS creates a file structure on the ______ to store data |
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| The OS locates an application and loads it into the |
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| software programs, such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, and games. |
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| There are two distinct types of operating systems: |
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| A desktop operating system is intended for use in |
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| a small office, home office (SOHO) environment with a limited number of users. |
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| A network operating system (NOS) is designed for |
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| a corporate environment serving multiple users with a wide range of needs. |
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| A desktop OS has the following characteristics: |
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Supports a single user
Runs single-user applications
Shares files and folders on a small network with limited security |
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| most commonly used desktop operating systems fall into three groups: |
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| Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, and Linux. |
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| A NOS contains additional features to increase |
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| functionality and manageability in a networked environment |
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| A NOS has the following characteristics: |
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Supports multiple users
Runs multi-user applications
Provides increased security compared to desktop operating systems |
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| examples of network operating systems: |
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Windows Server
Red Hat Linux
Mac OS X Server |
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| Before recommending an OS to a customer |
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| investigate the types of applications that the customer will be using and whether new computers will be purchased. |
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| To make an OS recommendation, a technician must |
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| review budget constraints, learn how the computer will be used, and determine which types of applications will be installed. |
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| Windows 7 and Windows Vista have an online Compatibility Center that allows technicians to check |
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| compatibility of both software and hardware |
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| Hardware Compatibility List |
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| When newer versions of an OS are released, support for older versions is |
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| When changing Windows OS's, to transfer old files use: |
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| User State Migration Tool |
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| When migrating computers, to transfer old files and settings use (on Windows OS): |
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| You might have to perform a clean installation of an OS. Perform a clean install in the following situations: |
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When a computer is passed from one employee to another
When the OS is corrupt
When the primary hard drive is replaced in a computer |
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| A hard drive is divided into specific areas called |
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| This primary partition containing the operating system files is usually the first partition. There can be up to four primary partitions per hard drive. A primary partition cannot be subdivided into smaller sections. |
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| The OS uses the active partition to boot the computer. Only one primary partition per disk can be marked active. In most cases, the C: drive is the active partition and contains the boot and system files. Some users create additional partitions to organize files or to be able to dual-boot the computer. |
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| The extended partition normally uses the remaining free space on a hard drive or takes the place of a primary partition. There can be only one extended partition per hard drive, but it can be subdivided into smaller sections called logical drives. |
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| A logical drive is a section of an extended partition. It can be used to separate information for administrative purposes |
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| A basic disk (the default) contains primary and extended partitions, as well as logical drives. A basic disk is limited to four partitions. |
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| A dynamic disk has the ability to create volumes that span across more than one disk. The size of the partitions can be changed after they have been set. Free space can be added from the same disk or a different disk, allowing a user to efficiently store large files. After a partition has been extended, it cannot be shrunk without deleting the entire partition. |
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| This process prepares a file system in a partition for files to be stored. |
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| A sector contains 512 bytes. |
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| A cluster is also called a file allocation unit. It is the smallest unit of space used for storing data. It is made up of one or more sectors. |
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| A track is one complete circle that can contain data on one side of a hard drive platter. A track is broken into groups of sectors. |
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| A cylinder is a stack of tracks lined up one on top of another to form a cylinder shape. |
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| The first phase of the installation process |
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| partitions and formats the hard drive |
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| Format Process prepares the disk to |
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| accept the new file system |
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| New Technology File System (NTFS) |
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| Supports partition sizes up to 16 exabytes, in theory. NTFS incorporates more file system security features and extended attributes than the FAT file system. |
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| File Allocation Table, 32 bit (FAT32) |
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| Supports partition sizes up to 2 TB or 2,048 GB. The FAT32 file system is used by Windows XP and earlier OS versions. |
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| The preferred file system type for a clean installation of Windows is |
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| Files in the directory structure adhere to a Windows naming convention: |
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A maximum of 255 characters is allowed.
Characters such as a slash or a backslash (/ \) are not allowed.
An extension of three or four letters is added to the filename to identify the file type.
Filenames are not case sensitive. |
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| Scans the hard drive for problems and automatically fixes missing or corrupt system files that prevent Windows from starting |
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| Uses restore points to restore Windows system files to an earlier point in time |
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| Creates a system image that replicates the system drive that Windows requires to operate |
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| Windows Memory Diagnostic |
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| Examines computer memory to detect malfunctions and diagnose problems |
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| Opens a command prompt window where the bootrec.exe tool can be used to repair and troubleshoot startup issues for Windows. |
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| the BIOS locates and reads the configuration settings that are stored in the CMOS memory |
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| Starts Windows but only loads drivers for basic components, such as the keyboard and display. |
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| Safe Mode with Networking |
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| Starts Windows as for Safe Mode, but also loads the drivers for network components. |
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| afe Mode with Command Prompt |
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| Starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of the GUI |
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| Last Known Good Configuration |
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| Loads the configuration settings that were used the last time that Windows started successfully. It does this by accessing a copy of the registry that is created for this purpose. |
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| The folder C:\Windows\Fonts contains |
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| the fonts installed on the computer |
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| When the Windows OS is installed, all files that are used to run the computer are located in the folder |
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| Microsoft Word (2007 and later) |
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| The file will be archived the next time that the disk is backed up |
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| The file is marked as a system file, and a warning is given if an attempt is made to delete or modify the file. |
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| The file is hidden in the directory display. |
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| Shadow Copy is a feature of Windows Operating Systems that |
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| automatically creates backup copies of files and data on a hard drive |
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| Minimize all windows that are not being used by clicking the title bar of one window and shaking the mouse. To maximize the windows again, click the title bar of the visible window and shake the mouse. |
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| View the icons and gadgets on the desktop by pointing the mouse at the right edge of the taskbar to make all windows transparent. |
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| Resize a window by dragging it to one of the edges of the screen. Dragging the window to the left edge of the desktop fits the window to the left half of the screen. Dragging the window to the right edge of the desktop fits the window to the right half of the screen. Dragging the window to the top edge of the desktop maximizes the window to fill the entire screen |
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| Task Manager:Applications |
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| This tab shows all running applications. From this tab, you can create, switch to, or close any applications that have stopped responding using the buttons at the bottom. |
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| This tab shows all running processes. A process is a set of instructions started by the user, a program, or the OS. From this tab, you can end processes or set process priorities. |
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| This tab shows the available services, including their operational status. |
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| This tab shows the CPU and page file usage. |
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| This tab shows the usage of all network adapters. |
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| This tab shows all users that are logged on the computer. From this tab, you can disconnect remote users or log off local users. |
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| The Computer Management console provides access to a number of utilities, including: |
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Task Scheduler
Event Viewer
Shared Folders
Local Users and Groups
Performance
Device Manager
Disk Management |
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| Open Database Connectivity |
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| Data Sources is an administrative tool used by administrators to |
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| manage, add, or remove data sources |
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| The Performance Monitor console has two distinct parts: |
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| the System Monitor and Performance Logs and Alerts |
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| Performance Logs and Alerts allows you to |
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| record the performance data and configure alerts |
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| consolidates files for faster access |
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| scans the hard drive for file structure errors |
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| Administrators can use the System Information tool |
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| to collect and display information about local and remote computers |
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| System Information tool quickly finds information about |
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| software, drivers, hardware configurations, and computer components |
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| Technicians can use Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance to |
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| repair and upgrade computers |
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| A homegroup is a network setting that allows users to share files and folders easily on a home network |
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| Action Center replaces the Security Center that is found in XP and Vista |
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| an antispyware program that scans the operating system for unwanted software that might pose a security threat |
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| The Troubleshooting utility, shown in Figure 3, allows you to troubleshoot problems within the following categories: |
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Programs
Hardware and Sound
Network and Internet
Appearance and Personalization
System and Security |
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| Used to execute command-line programs and utilities |
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| Displays details for all DirectX components and drivers that are installed in a computer |
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| allows you to organize management tools, called snap-ins, in one location for easy administration |
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| Opens the System Configuration Utility. Use MSCONFIG when the computer boots but does not load Windows correctly |
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| Displays a complete system summary of the computer, including hardware components and software information |
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| Opens Remote Desktop Connection |
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| Opens the Notepad Utility |
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| Opens the Registry Editor utility |
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| hypervisor, or Virtual Machine Manager |
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| The software that creates and manages a virtual machine on a host machine |
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| The number of virtual machines that can be made available depends on the |
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| host machine’s hardware resources |
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| directly on the hardware of a host and manages the allocation of system resources to guest operating systems |
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| A Type 2 hypervisor is hosted by an |
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