a- carbon

first carbon

omega end

last

h atoms surronding every carbon

packed tightly

solids ( fats,butter)

liqiud

loosely packed due to kinks

adding H atoms to unsaturated fatty acids

makes oils more solid

reduce oxidation

creares trans fats

cannot be synthesized by the body

linoleic acid(w-6)= found in veggies and nut oils

alpha linolenic(w-3)= found in veggies, soy, flax, walnuts

fish and fish oil

reduce heart disease by reducing inflammation and blood clotting

makes EPA and DHA

regulates PGs and TXs

glycerol backbone + two fatty acids+ phosphate

soluble

transports fat in the bloodstream

not required

rings of carbon

plant sterols=block absorbtion of dietary cholestrol

cholestrol=made in bodys to maintain cell fluidity, structure, hormones,  bile salts, vitamin D

digestion of fats

small intestine

bile emulfies fats (bile is made in liver but stored in gallbladder and CCK release it)

pancreatic enzymes break into 2 fatty acids and glyceride

lipoprotien

transports lipids for absorbtion

lipoprotein produced in small intestine to transport lipids

composed of fatty acids surronded by phospholipids and protein

water soluble

travel through lympatic system

disasembled by LDL before entering cell ( the tiglyercide is used for energy, and muscle or adipose tissue

fuel when resting and enduring excercise

stored energy

essential fatty acids

fat- soluble vitamins

regulates cell functioning

maintains cell fuildity

protects body

provides flavor

fell satisfed

20-35%

lowest trans and saturated fat as possible (7-10%)

linoleic- 5-10%

alpha linoleic- .6-1.2%

5:1 to 10:1 raito

used to lower fat content

found in chips cakes and cookies

adverse side effects (olestra-olean)

fats=high blood lipids

high saturated and trans fat =high blood cholestrol

chylomicrons- present only after meal(fats to tissue and blood)

very low density(triglyercides to the tissues)

low density- bad cholestrol(cholestrol to cells)

high density - good cholestrol( cholestrol to liver)

dec removal of LDL

inc bllod cholestrol

form plaque

inc LDL

abundant in hydrogenated vegatable oil

20-35% fat intake

>10% saturated

300mg cholestrol

inc omega 3

fiber 20-30g

maintain normal blood glucose

eat throughout the day

recommended drink

active

decrease salt intake

dietary approach to stop hypertension

high fruits, veggies, grains, lowfat diary, poultry, fish, nuts

low fats red meat sweets and sugar

endogenous cholestrol synthesis inhibitor(statins)- block enzynme in cholestrol to lower levels of LDL and antiinflam

bile acid sequestrants- bind to bile and make it unable to reabsorb

nicotinic acid- affect all blood lipids but has side effects