Term
| features of experimental research |
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Definition
-vary 1 or more factors
-keep all other factors constant
-measure impact on beh |
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Term
| mills inductive logic: method of agreement |
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Definition
-if X, then Y (x is sufficient for Y to occur)
= experimental group
eg coffee --> alertness |
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Term
| mills inductive logic: method of difference |
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Definition
-if not X, then not Y (X is necessary for Y to occur)
=control group
eg no coffee --> not alert |
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Term
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Definition
| method of agreement/difference. together JOINT METHOD = provide immediate cause for production of Y |
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Term
| types of manipulated independent variables (3) |
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Definition
1. situational - features in environment
eg number of bystanders, room temperature
2. task - very type of task performed
eg different illusions, different logical problems
3. instructional - different groups perform tasks different ways
eg how to memorize list of words |
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Term
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Definition
-for comparison at baseline level of performance
-not always required, can instead manipulate task difficulty for eg |
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Term
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Definition
uncontrolled extraneous V that covaries with IV and could provide alternative explanation of results
-eg total practice hrs + distribution of practice in experiment of study times effects on test scores |
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Term
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Definition
-any measured behavior
-avoid floor and ceiling effects |
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Term
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Definition
not manipulated, group creating. already existing characteristics
eg age, gender |
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Term
| study eg using subject, iv, and dvs |
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Definition
dv- helping beh
iv- age (subj), education (subj), peer pressure (manip) |
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Term
| drawing conclusions with IVs |
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Definition
1. manipulated. no confounds --> IV causes DV!
2. subject. groups differ! |
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Term
| types of validity in experimental research (4) |
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Definition
1. statistical conclusion validity
2. construct validity
3. external validity
4. internal validity |
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Term
| def: statistical conclusion validity, how it's reduced |
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Definition
proper analyses and conclusions
reduced by
1. wrong analysis/violated assumptions
2. selectively reported analyses
3. DV measures not reliable (increased error validity) |
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Term
| def: experimental construct validity |
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Definition
| quality of operational definitions for IV and DV |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to generalize beyond experiment (different populations, environments, times) |
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Term
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Definition
| within external validity, relevance for everyday experience |
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Term
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Definition
| methodologically sound, confound free |
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Term
| threats to internal validity (will effect control groups as well) (2) |
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Definition
1. pre-post studies
-history (event)
-maturation (developmental changes)
-regression to mean (extreme scores regress)
-testing/instrumentation (pretest effects posttest)
2. participant problems
-subject selection (inequiv groups)
-attrition (subject mortality) |
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