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| The Scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment |
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| Nonliving components of an environment |
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| Living components of an environment |
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| Organisms that are part of an ecosystem |
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| How an organism's structure and behavior meet the challenges posed by the environment |
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| Factors that affect population |
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| How different species interact with each other in a community |
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| Energy flow and chemical cycling among the biotic and abiotic components |
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| How ecosystems are arranged in a geographical region |
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| All the organisms of all the species that inhabit a particular area |
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| "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." |
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| movement of individuals away from centers of high population density of from their area of origin |
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| Temperature, Water, Sunlight, Wind, Rocks/Soil |
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| Weather conditions in an area |
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| Patterns on global, regional and local level |
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| very fine climate patterns (Under a log) |
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| How do mountains affect rainfall? |
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| When warm moist air approaches a mountain, the air rises and cools, which releases moisture |
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| Brings oxygenated water to the bottom of a lake, and nutrient rich water to the surface. This happens in Spring and Autumn |
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| Zone with sufficient light for photosynthesis |
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| Zone where little light penetrates |
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| The bottom of all aquatic biomes |
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| The area of the ocean past the continental shelf, with areas of open water often reaching very great depths |
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| In a lake, the shallow well light waters close to shore |
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| The shallow region of an ocean above the continental shelf |
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| Well light waters in a lake farther from shore |
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| The region of water lying over deep areas beyond the continental shelf |
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| Nutrient poor / oxygen rich, low amount of decomposable organic matter, lower photosynthesis, less surface area, more depth |
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| Nutrient rich / oxygen poor, high amount of decomposable organic matter, higher photosynthesis, more surface area, less depth |
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| An area covered with water for a long enough period of time to support aquatic plants, High organic production / decomposition, low oxygen |
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| transition area between rivers and the sea. complex flow patterns, can change direction of flow with tide, |
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| Vast open blue water in ocean. big photic zone, high oxygen, low nutrients, |
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| studying how behaviors controlled, developed, evolved, and contribute to survival and success |
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| focuses on the environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior. "HOW?" |
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| address evolutionary significance of of a behavior. "WHY?" |
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| Scientific study of how animals behave, particularly in their natural environment |
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| a sequence of unlearned behaviors that is essentially unchangeable and can't be stopped. |
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| External sensory stimulus |
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| behavior that requires learning and innate components |
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| "Developmentally fixed." under strong genetic influence |
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| A simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus |
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| Automatic orientation toward a positive stimulus or away from a negative one. |
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| a behavior that causes a change in another animals behavior |
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| The modification of behavior based on individual experience |
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| a loss of responsiveness to a stimuli that conveys little or no info |
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| modification of behavior based on experience with the spatial structure of environment. EX. Locations of nests, hazards, food etc... |
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| An internal representation of the spatial relationships objects |
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| The ability to associate one feature of the environment with another |
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| A type of Associative learning that associates a stimulus with a reward or punishment |
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| Trial and Error. Associates one of its own behaviors with a reward/punishment |
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| Ability to perceive, store, process and use information. |
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| Views foraging behavior as a compromise between the benefits/costs of obtaining food |
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| No strong pairing bonds or lasting relationships |
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| Single male mates with several females |
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| Single female mates with several males |
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| An often ritualized contest that determines which competitor gains access to a resource. |
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| Evaluates strategies in situations that the outcome doesn't only depend on each individuals strat. but the strat. of other individuals. |
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| Selflessness. Behavior that reduces their individual fitness but increase the fitness of other individuals in the populations. |
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| The total effect one has on passing it's own genes by producing offspring and providing aid to close relatives |
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| Learning by observing others |
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| Study of vital statistics of a population and how they change over time |
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| Group of individuals of the same age |
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| Age specific summary of reproductive rates in a population |
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| Focuses on complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in population size |
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| A group of linked populations |
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| Movement from high birth rates and high death rates, to low birth rates and low death rates |
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| Relative number of individuals of each age |
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| Interspecific interactions |
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| Interactions with other species in a community |
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| How an organism fits in an ecosystem, it's role |
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| the potential occupied space |
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| the niche actually occupied by a species |
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| the differentiation of niches that enable similar species to coexist in a community |
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| Harmless species mimics a harmful one |
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| 2 harmful species mimic each other |
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| Parasites that lay eggs on the host |
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| A interspecific interaction where both species benefit |
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| variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community |
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| Suggests that food chains are short because energy transfer is inefficient |
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| Proposes long food chains are less stable than short ones |
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| Most abundant or most biomass |
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| Intermediate Disturbance hypothesis |
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| Suggests that moderate levels of disturbance foster greater levels of diversity than high or low levels |
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| Virtually lifeless, NO SOIL |
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| Succession with SOIL PRESENT |
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| The amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis |
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| Gross primary production - energy used for respiration |
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| Minimum Viable Population |
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| The minimal population that a species can survive |
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| Population Viability Analysis |
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| An analysis to predict a populations chance for survival |
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| Effective Population Size |
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| [4(Females)(Males)]/[Females+Males] |
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| Use of living organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems |
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| Use of organisms to add essential materials to a degrading ecosystem |
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