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Ch 4: Socialization
N/A
32
Sociology
Undergraduate 2
07/07/2011

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Term
socialization
Definition
the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society
Term
sociobiology
Definition
the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior
Term
Freud: psychoanalytic perspective
Definition
the root cause of all our problems lies in our childhood and the impact of our childhood experiences
id, superego, ego
Term
Piaget: cognitive development
Definition
1. sensory motor stage
2. preoperational stage
3. concrete operational stage
4. formal operational stage
Piaget uses this cognitive model to investigate child development
Term
id
Definition
Freud
childlike desire
"me me me"
Term
superego
Definition
Freud
conscience
"bad bad bad"
Term
ego
Definition
Freud
rational component of the self
Term
sensory motor stage
Definition
Piaget: step 1, children understand the world through physical contact and immediate action
Term
preoperational stage
Definition
Piaget: step 2, children begin forming mental images and using words
Term
concrete operational stage
Definition
Piaget: step 3, children can draw conclusions and begin to "role play"
Term
formal operational stage
Definition
Piaget: step 4, children can form abstract thoughts and understandings
Term
Kohlberg: stages of moral development
Definition
1. preconventional stage
2. conventional level
3. post conventional level
Term
preconventional level
Definition
Kohlberg, stage 1: child's understandings are based on punishment and reward
Term
conventional level
Definition
Kohlberg, stage 2: conformity and how others perceive us are the main focus
Term
post conventional stage
Definition
Kohlberg, stage 3: person realizes their "moral conduct"
Term
self concept
Definition
Cooley: how we feel about ourselves
Term
role taking
Definition
Mead: a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that person's point of view
1. preparatory stage
2. play stage
3. game stage
Term
agents of socialization
Definition
the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society
Term
Freud: psychoanalytic perspective
Definition
children first develop the id (drives and needs), then the ego (restrictions on the id), and then the superego (moral and ethical aspects of personality)
Term
Piaget: cognitive development
Definition
children go through four stages of cognitive (intellectual) development, going from only understanding through sensory contact to engaging in highly abstract thought
Term
Kohlberg: stages of moral development
Definition
people go through three stages of moral development, from avoidance of unwanted consequences to viewing morality based on human rights
Term
Gilligan: gender and moral development
Definition
women go through stages of moral development from personal wants to the greatest good for themselves and others
Term
Cooley: looking glass self
Definition
a person's sense of self is derived from his or her perception of how others view him/her
Term
Mead: three stages of self-development
Definition
in the preparatory stage, children imitate the people around them; in the play stage, children pretend to take the roles of specific people; in the game stage, children learn the demands and expectations of roles
Term
peer group
Definition
a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age
Term
gender socialization
Definition
the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or in society
Term
racial socialization
Definition
the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one's racial or ethnic status
Term
anticipatory socialization
Definition
the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles
Term
social devaluation
Definition
a situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups
Term
ageism
Definition
prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons
Term
resocialization
Definition
the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience
Term
total institution (involuntary resocialization)
Definition
Goffman
a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution
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