Term
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Definition
| the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society |
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Term
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Definition
| the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior |
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Term
| Freud: psychoanalytic perspective |
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Definition
the root cause of all our problems lies in our childhood and the impact of our childhood experiences
id, superego, ego |
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Term
| Piaget: cognitive development |
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Definition
1. sensory motor stage
2. preoperational stage
3. concrete operational stage
4. formal operational stage
Piaget uses this cognitive model to investigate child development |
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Term
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Definition
Freud
childlike desire
"me me me" |
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Definition
Freud
conscience
"bad bad bad" |
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Term
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Definition
Freud
rational component of the self |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget: step 1, children understand the world through physical contact and immediate action |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget: step 2, children begin forming mental images and using words |
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Term
| concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| Piaget: step 3, children can draw conclusions and begin to "role play" |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget: step 4, children can form abstract thoughts and understandings |
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Term
| Kohlberg: stages of moral development |
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Definition
1. preconventional stage
2. conventional level
3. post conventional level |
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Term
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Definition
| Kohlberg, stage 1: child's understandings are based on punishment and reward |
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Term
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Definition
| Kohlberg, stage 2: conformity and how others perceive us are the main focus |
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Term
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Definition
| Kohlberg, stage 3: person realizes their "moral conduct" |
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Term
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Definition
| Cooley: how we feel about ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
Mead: a person mentally assumes the role of another person in order to understand the world from that person's point of view
1. preparatory stage
2. play stage
3. game stage |
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Term
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Definition
| the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society |
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Term
| Freud: psychoanalytic perspective |
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Definition
| children first develop the id (drives and needs), then the ego (restrictions on the id), and then the superego (moral and ethical aspects of personality) |
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Term
| Piaget: cognitive development |
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Definition
| children go through four stages of cognitive (intellectual) development, going from only understanding through sensory contact to engaging in highly abstract thought |
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Term
| Kohlberg: stages of moral development |
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Definition
| people go through three stages of moral development, from avoidance of unwanted consequences to viewing morality based on human rights |
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Term
| Gilligan: gender and moral development |
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Definition
| women go through stages of moral development from personal wants to the greatest good for themselves and others |
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Term
| Cooley: looking glass self |
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Definition
| a person's sense of self is derived from his or her perception of how others view him/her |
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Term
| Mead: three stages of self-development |
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Definition
| in the preparatory stage, children imitate the people around them; in the play stage, children pretend to take the roles of specific people; in the game stage, children learn the demands and expectations of roles |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age |
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Term
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Definition
| the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or in society |
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Term
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Definition
| the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one's racial or ethnic status |
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Term
| anticipatory socialization |
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Definition
| the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which a person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups |
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Term
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Definition
| prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience |
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Term
| total institution (involuntary resocialization) |
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Definition
Goffman
a place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution |
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