Shared Flashcard Set

Details

CH 48 Review
N/A
69
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
09/21/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
"Prils"
Definition
ACE Inhibitors works by blocking aldosterone release; aldosterone holds NA+ and NA+ holds H2o.
Term
"Sartans"
Definition
Angiotensis II Receptor Blockers (ARB's)
Term

Venous Insufficiency

Pain

Definition

 

persistent pain "Dull and achy

Term

Venous Insufficiency

Color

Definition
cyanotic when in dependent position (legs down like in a chair)
Term

Venous Insufficiency

Temp

Definition
Warm skin, normal pulses
Term

venous insufficiency

skin appearance

Definition
brown pigmentation around ankles/calves, varicose veins, venous stasis, ulcers, edema
Term

venous insufficiency

tx

Definition

thigh high TED hose, elevate legs to reduce edema

surgical:

arterial bypass and embolectomy

Term

Arterial Insufficiency

Color

Definition
pale extremities when elevated, reddish-purple when down
Term

Arterial Insufficiency

Pain

Definition
"Sharp" pain in lower extremities, subsides w/ rest
Term

arterial insufficiency

temp

Definition
cool skin w/ decreased/dimished pulses; dorsalis pedis/posterior tibial
Term

arterial insufficiency

skin appearance

Definition
hairloss on lower extremities w/ scaly, flaky mottled skin. ankle pressue less than brachial pressure
Term

arterial insufficiency

tx

Definition

meds pentoxifylline or cilostazol to make RBC's more flexible.

Surgical:

vein ligation (stripping), thrombectomy

Term
6 P's of Circulation
Definition

Pain

Pallor

Paresthesias

Poikilothermia (cool or warm temp)

Pulselessness

Paralysis

Term
Lab-Heparin Values
Definition

PTT

Partial Thromboplastin Time

Term

Antidote to Heparin

 

Definition

Protamine Sulfate

for heparin OD

Term
Coumadin-Lab
Definition

PT/INR

Prothrombin Time

International Normalized Ratio

Term
Antidote to Coumadin
Definition

Vitamin K

AquaMEPHYton

in green leafy veggies

Term
Important thing to remember when discharging pt on coumadin/heparin
Definition
start coumadin therapy 2-3 days before discharge while still on heparin
Term

Enoxaparin Sodium-Lovenox

Lab to detect values

Definition
AntiFactorXa
Term
enoxaparin sodium aka
Definition

Lovenox

low-molecular weight heparin

Term

S1

Closure of what valves?

Definition

Lubb

Closure of AV valves

Term
S2
Definition

Dubb

closure of Semilunar valves

Term
AV Valves
Definition

Atrioventicular Valves

R Tricuspid Valve

L Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

Term
Semilunar Valves
Definition

R pulmonary Semilunar Valve

L Aortic Semilunar Valve

Term

1. Lubb to Dubb is

2.after dubb is

Definition

1.systole

2.diastole

Term
S3
Definition
extra diastole sound indicates CHF
Term
S4
Definition
before S1, extra diastole sound. indicates impending acute MI
Term

Heart Failure S/S

Left and Right Side

 

Definition

Left Side:

crackles d/t too much fluid backing up and pushing fluid into lungs

ABG's show acidosis

Right side:

peripheral edema

and edema of organs

ascites-abdomen distended from fluid

 

Term

TX of Heart Failure

(5)

Definition
diuretics, NAS, fluid restrictions, strict I's and O's, daily weights
Term

Marker of CHF

(released by)

Definition

Homocystine

stretching of ventricles

Term

1. most common type of cardiomyapathy

2. least?

Definition

1. dialated cardiomyopathy

2. restricted cardiomyopathy

Term
Serum cardiac marker for acute myocardial infarction
Definition

troponin I

over a 2, if positive bed rest!

Term
MONA
Definition

morphine, o2, nitroglycerine, aspirin

given in the order of aspirin, o2, nitroglycerine, morphine

Term
o2, morphine, nitroglycerine all do what?
Definition
vasodialator to relieve pain
Term
antidote to opiates and morhine
Definition

Naloxone AKA Narcan

reverses opiates

Term

1.Lidocain is a?

2. given for?

 

Definition

1. slow sodium channel blocker

2. ventricular dysrhythmias

Term
If Lidocain don't work on ventricular dysrhythmias?
Definition

give Amiodarone

a K+ channel blocker

Term
Atrial Fibrillation
Definition
Atria does not squeez and pump blood effectively, it quivers
Term
Normal waveforms
Definition

P wave-atrial depolarization(work)

QRS complex-ventricle depoloarization(work)

T wave-ventricle repolarization (rest)

Term
Diastole
Definition
resting phase
Term
systole
Definition
working phase
Term
mydriatic
Definition
pupil dialation
Term
miotic
Definition
pupil constriction
Term
HF
Definition
heart's inability to act as an effective pump
Term
pleural effusion
Definition
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity b/t the visceral and parietal pleurae
Term
orthopnea
Definition
an abnormal condt in which a person must sit or stand in order to breath deeply or comfortably
Term
BUN
Definition
blood urea nitrogen and creatinine determined by glomerular filtration
Term
endocarditis
Definition
infection or inflammation of the inner membranous lining of the heart particularly the valves
Term
cardiomopathy
Definition
group of heart muscle diseases that primarily affect the structural or functional ability of the myocardium
Term
nicotine on the cardiovascular/peripheral system
Definition
acts as a vasoconstrictor and causes spasms of the arteries, elevates BP and reduces circulation to the extremities.
Term
aneurysm
Definition
enlarged, dialated portion of an artery that is more than one and a half times the arteries circumference. must involved all three layers of artery.
Term
thrombophlebitis
Definition
inflammation of a vein in conjunction w/ the formation of a thrombus
Term
venous stasis
Definition
chronic blood pooling in the veins
Term
varicose vein
Definition
tortuous dilated vein with incomplete valves
Term
venous stasis ulcer
Definition
occurs from chronic deep vein insufficiency and stasis of blood in the venous system
Term
Pulmonary circulation
Definition
superior/inferior vena cava----r atrium---tricuspid valve---r ventricle----pulmonary semilunar valve---pulmonary artery---capillaries in the lung---pulmonary veins---l atrium---bicuspid valve---l ventricle----aortic semilunar valve---aorta
Term
MI
Definition
Myocardial Infarction
Occlusion of a major coronary artery or one of its branches w/ subsequent necrosis of the myocardium caused by atheroschlerosis or an embolus
Term
PreLoad
Definition
End diastole; ventricles are "loaded"
Term
Afterload
Definition
more systole; pressure of the fluid the heart most overcome to push fluid away from the heart
Term
H/H
Definition
Hemoglobin/Hematocrit
Hematocrit measures the amount of red blood cells that are in blood.
Hemoglobin is a protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to all cells. A hemoglobin test determines how much hemoglobin is in the blood.
Term
H/H test for what?
Definition
Together, the hematocrit and hemoglobin tests help diagnose anemia and polycythemia. Anemia is a shortage of red blood cells due to reduced production of red cells, destruction of red cells, or loss of red cells from internal or external bleeding. Polycythemia is production of too many red blood cells.
Term
Lowest pH to sustain life
Definition
6.8
Term
cardiogenic shock s/s
Definition
decreasing b/p and weak rapid pulse
Term
marker for HF
Definition
B-type natriuretic peptide BNP
Term
most useful diagnostic tool for evaluating pt w/ HF
Definition
echocardiogram
Term
electrocardiogram findings during an MI
Definition
are less likely to show ST-segment elevation in woman than in men
Term
decreased cardiac output
correct nursing interventions
Definition
assess for and report decreased b/p and dysrhthmias
assess for oliguria
administer O2 therapy as ordered
Term
HF is tx w/
Definition
cardiotonic drugs
diuretic agents
ACE inhibitors, beta-adrenergic blockers, nitrates
Term
Thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activators such as alteplase and activase dissolve bc. Most effective for an MI when given how soon?
Definition
in the first 30 min to 1 hr
Supporting users have an ad free experience!