Term
| migrain headache what is it and how is it felt |
|
Definition
cronic episodic disorder
pain that is unilateral and worsens with movement |
|
|
Term
| who is affected more with migranes |
|
Definition
| women and they tend to be familial, those with anxiety and depression are more predisposed |
|
|
Term
| what cranial nerve is associated with migranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the patho behind a migrane |
|
Definition
| blood vessles overreact with a decrease in verebral blood flow then arteries dialate and relese prostagladins |
|
|
Term
| what are some trigger zonesfor migranes |
|
Definition
| caffiene red wine stress and msg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sensation that may be felt before a migrane |
|
|
Term
| atypical migranes what are the5 stages |
|
Definition
prodrom0 food craving
aura- flashing lights dilopia
headaches phase- lasts hours or days
termination- headache decreses
postdrome phse-fatigued and irratable |
|
|
Term
| whats the difference between a migrane without an aura and atypical migrane |
|
Definition
migraine the pain is unilateral, photophobia and pohnophobia
\atypical is like a brain stroke and can last for more then 72 hours or days |
|
|
Term
| what are the three r is migraines |
|
Definition
recognize symptoms
respond and see health care provider
reliev pain |
|
|
Term
| when is aborative therapy used with migraines |
|
Definition
| during the aura phase of a migrain |
|
|
Term
| what are mild migraines releived by |
|
Definition
| nsaids tylenol or abenol and nsaids like ibuprofen |
|
|
Term
| what are mild migraines releived by |
|
Definition
| nsaids tylenol or abenol and nsaids like ibuprofen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medication overuse headache where another one occurs after drug relieves it |
|
|
Term
| triptan preperations what do these work on and what arteries |
|
Definition
| releive headaches associated with seretonin receptors on the cranial areteries, basilar arteries and blood vessles |
|
|
Term
| what are three triptan preperations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what blocking agents are used with migrianes |
|
Definition
| calcium channel blockers and beta blockers |
|
|
Term
| topamx is an antiepileptic drug used for migranes in low doses what have been reported with this drug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pain described as in a pt with an unliateral headache |
|
Definition
xcrutiating
broing or
nonthrobbing |
|
|
Term
| cluster headaches when do these develope and why do these develope |
|
Definition
| 20 and 50 years old from overinlarged hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| cluster headaches when do these develope and why do these develope |
|
Definition
| 20 and 50 years old from overinlarged hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| why are cluster headaches named this |
|
Definition
| because they occur around the same time about 4 to 12 weeks followed by remission for 9 m,ths toa year |
|
|
Term
| what is the pt behavior during a cluster headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the onset of pain during a cluster headache |
|
Definition
| during relaxation napping or rapid eye movement |
|
|
Term
| 6 things that occur with a cluster headache |
|
Definition
ipsilateral\
rhionorrhea
ptosis
eyelid edema
sweating
misosi |
|
|
Term
| what can you teach a pt during a cluster headache |
|
Definition
wear sunglasses face away from windows
'o2
good sleep wake cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal sudden excesive uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic disorder that has repeated seizures from imbalance of neurotransmitters especially gamma aminobutyric |
|
|
Term
| what are the 6 types of gernealzied siezures |
|
Definition
tonic clonic
absence
myoclonic
atonic
patial
complete partial
simple partial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tonic is the stiffening phase and clonic is the jerking or extremieits |
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|
Term
| abscence seizures who is it common in and what happens |
|
Definition
common in children
breif loc with blank staring lip smacking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brief jerking may be both sides or just one side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden loss of muscel tone lasts for a few seconds and is followed by confusion |
|
|
Term
| partial seizures (focal or local ) |
|
Definition
| begins in one part of the hemisphere most are adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loc for 1 to 3 minutes with automiscs and the pt is unaware of the enviorment and may wander then after the seizure the pt may be confused |
|
|
Term
| what type of the brain is involved in a complex partial seizure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the pt remains consius thru the episode
aura before the siezure or de ja vu |
|
|
Term
| primary or idopathic epilepsy is not associated with brain leasions what is the cause of this development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from underlying brains lesion tumor or trauma |
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of howsecondary seizures occur |
|
Definition
metabolit disoder
acohol withdrawl
stroke
high fever
heart disease |
|
|
Term
| what are some thing to teach a pt who is on antieliptic druigs 3 |
|
Definition
that it can build up sensitivity to them
warfin should not be given with dilantin
some citiris fruits can interfer with the metabolism and raise the blood level which can cause toxicity |
|
|
Term
| what should be done during a simple partial seizure |
|
Definition
| document the time it lasted. redirect pt away from activity that could cause injury |
|
|
Term
| what should be done with a pt during a tonic colonic seizure, what about when they turn blue |
|
Definition
| turn the pt on their side, cyanosis may be present but will go away shortely after the episode |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medical emergency it is a seizure that lasts longer then 5 minutes or repeated over 30 minutes |
|
|
Term
| what are some cuases of status elipticus |
|
Definition
withdraw from antielptic drugs
infections
withdraw
trauma |
|
|
Term
| what is the worst case scenario in apt with status elipticus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 drugs of choice for a pt with status elipticus |
|
Definition
iv push lorazapam \
diazepam rectal gel |
|
|
Term
| what is done after the initial treatment of status elipticus what is given to prevent more from occuring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vagal stimulation who has this how is it done |
|
Definition
used for those with seizures who are not candidates for surgery
has an electrode places to the left vagus nerve- it is activated when a pt holds a magnet over the place during an aura |
|
|
Term
| how can a pt know for sure that their vagus nerve has been stimulated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflamatory of the menides that surround the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between bacterial menigits and viral |
|
Definition
| viral is self limiting and bacterial is life threatening |
|
|
Term
| what are some predispostions that may cause menigitis |
|
Definition
otits
pneumonia
sinutis
sickle cell anemia |
|
|
Term
| why would a basilar fracute lead to menigits |
|
Definition
| from direct communication of cerebral spinal fluid with the enviroment |
|
|
Term
| viral menigitis what is the common cause |
|
Definition
| aseptic from measels mump herpes and herpes zoster |
|
|
Term
| the formation of exudate and viral menignits |
|
Definition
| exudate with viral does not occur and no organisms are in the csf |
|
|
Term
| what are the s/s of viral menigitis 4 |
|
Definition
photophobia
respiratory infections
muscle aches
n/v |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| menigits that is fungal and attakcs the cns of those with aids |
|
|
Term
| meningococcal menitits what does it attack and is it deadyly or contagious |
|
Definition
can die within 24 hours
affects the menigis, subarachnoid brain tissue
very contagiou |
|
|
Term
| when does meningoccoal menigits occur |
|
Definition
| winter with pper respiratory from strep |
|
|
Term
| where does meningococcal occur |
|
Definition
| occurs in outbreaks in dorms and areas of high population |
|
|
Term
| 3 normal finding with menigitis |
|
Definition
nuchal rigidity
positive kernigs
bruddzinskis |
|
|
Term
| difference between bacterial and viral in appearnce of the csf |
|
Definition
| bacterial is cloudy and viral is clear |
|
|
Term
bacterial menigits
wbc
protein
gluclose
csf pressure |
|
Definition
increased
increased
decreased
elevated |
|
|
Term
viral menigitis
wbc
protein
gluclose
csf pressure |
|
Definition
increased
increased
normal
varies |
|
|
Term
| what should be given before a lumbar puncute is done with menigits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what assesment of the cranial nerve is done for those with menigitis |
|
Definition
nerves III
IV
VII
VIII
the 6th is very improtant (inabilty to close the eyes laterally) becuase it may determine that there is hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
| what preventitive treatment shold those with exposure to menigits have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the brain tissue and the meniges |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between menigits and encephalitis |
|
Definition
| it does not cause exudate |
|
|
Term
| what occurs in the white matter because of encephalitis |
|
Definition
| demylination whcih can lead to hemorrhage and cell death |
|
|
Term
| arbovirus how is it transmitted |
|
Definition
| mosquito or tick- west nile |
|
|
Term
| west nile virus is usually mild and asymotomatic but what can be serious wht are the s/s |
|
Definition
headache
tremors
loss of vision |
|
|
Term
| what are some enterovirusse associated with encephalitis |
|
Definition
herpes 1
herpes zoster
mumps |
|
|
Term
| what should be taught to thsoe to prptect fomr encephalitis |
|
Definition
mosquito nets
take acyclovir for herpes
use deet |
|
|
Term
| parkinsons what is it and what are the 4 signs |
|
Definition
affects the motor abiltiy with four symptoms
slow movement no movement and posture unstability |
|
|
Term
| what occurs pathologically with parkinsons |
|
Definition
| basal gnaglia are stimulated and the muscle tone in the body is inhibited and movements are refined |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 major nerotransmitters to affect those with parkinsons |
|
Definition
| dopamine and acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| where is dopmaine produced |
|
Definition
| substanitia nigra and in the adrenal glands and it is transmitted to the basal gangila |
|
|
Term
| where is dopmaine produced |
|
Definition
| substanitia nigra and in the adrenal glands and it is transmitted to the basal gangila |
|
|
Term
| where is dopmaine produced |
|
Definition
| substanitia nigra and in the adrenal glands and it is transmitted to the basal gangila |
|
|
Term
| where is dopmaine produced |
|
Definition
| substanitia nigra and in the adrenal glands and it is transmitted to the basal gangila |
|
|
Term
| where is the ach produced and secreted |
|
Definition
| produced and secreted by the basil ganglia and in the nerve endings of the body |
|
|
Term
| what does ach do what does dopamine do |
|
Definition
| ach exites messages and dopamine inhibits excitable neurons to allow control over voluntary movement |
|
|
Term
| what can widespread loss of substatia nigra do to the brian and what will this cause for the person |
|
Definition
| decrease the amount of dopamine in the brain which then the person loses ability to refine their movements |
|
|
Term
| what happens with ach in the brain in those with parkinsons |
|
Definition
| the ach levels remain active which creates an imbalance of excitable neurons to inhibitory ones |
|
|
Term
| s/s parkinsons in the beginning |
|
Definition
| tremors inthe upper extremities that increase with stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rythmic interruptions of movment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mildly restricitve movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total resistance to movement |
|
|
Term
| what is the posture of those with parkinsons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do those with parkinsons have a masklike face and what are the problems associated with this |
|
Definition
| caused by the rigidity of the facial muscles- can lead to swallowing difficulites |
|
|
Term
| what are some emotional changes with parkinsons |
|
Definition
depresison
'irritable
fear and insecurity |
|
|
Term
| what are some other issue in those with parkisons |
|
Definition
bowel and bladder problems
very soft voice and voice changes |
|
|
Term
| what will the csf show in those with parkinsons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whatr drugs will be given to those with parkinsons and how do these work |
|
Definition
| dopamine agonsits which stimulate the dopanmine recpetors in the brain |
|
|
Term
| almost all pt with parkinsons are on sinemet what are these |
|
Definition
| combo of levodopa and carbidopa |
|
|
Term
| catechol o methyltranferases what are these and when are they used |
|
Definition
| enzymes that inactivate dopamine to prolong the activity of levadopa used for those with parkinsons |
|
|
Term
| maois are taken often in those with parkinsons what should be avoided |
|
Definition
cheese aged and smoked foods and sausage
wine and beer |
|
|
Term
| drug holiday when is it used and what is it |
|
Definition
| used in thsoe with parkinsons where the pt recieves no drugs because a drug tolerance was reached and the drugs do not last |
|
|
Term
| can the uap feed a pt with parkinsons |
|
Definition
| yes but they have to be taught to prevent aspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buur hole is made and then an electrode is placed to reduce tremors and rigidity the probe then creates scar tissue to destroy tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used whend rgus no longer work a thin electrode is placed into the thalamus to interfere with tremor cells |
|
|
