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ch 4 +
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47
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
stream of consciousness
Definition
term used by william james to describe the mind as a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts and feelings
Term
consciousness
Definition
an individual's awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal, including awareness of the self and thoughts about ones experiences
Term
unconscious thought
Definition
according to freud, a reservoir of unacceptable wishes, feelings. and thoughts that are beyond conscious awareness
Term
Carcadian Rythms
Definition
daily behavioral or physological cycles that involve the sleep/ wake cycle body temp blood pressure and blood sugar level
Term
manifest content
Definition
the dreams surface content which contains dream symbols that disguise the dreams true meaning
Term
latent content
Definition
the dreams hidden content its unconcious and true meaning
Term
psychoactive drugs
Definition
act on the nervous system to alter conciousness modify perceptions and change mood
Term
tolerance
Definition
the need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect
Term
physical dependence
Definition
the psychological need for a drug that causes unplesant withdrawal symptoms such as a physical craving for the drug when it is discontinued.
Term
psychological dependence
Definition
strong desire to repeat the use of the drug for emotional reasons
Term
addiction
Definition
psychical or psychological dependence or both to a drug
Term
depressants
Definition
psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity
Term
alacholisim
Definition
a disorder that involves long term repeated uncontrolled compulsive and excessive use of alachol that impairs health and social relationships
Term
barbituates
Definition
depressant drugs such as nembutal and seconal that decrease the central nervous system activity
Term
tranquilizers
Definition
depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation
Term
opiates
Definition
drugs that consist of opium that depress the central nervous systems activity
Term
stimulants
Definition
psychoactive drugs that increase the central nervous systems activity
Term
hallucinogens
Definition
psychoactive drugs that modify a persons perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real
Term
hypnosis
Definition
an altered state of conciousness or psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions
Term
learning
Definition
systematic relatively permanent change in behavior that occours through experience
Term
behaviorism
Definition
a theory of learning that focouses soley on observable behaviors discounting the importance if such mental activity as thinking widhing and hoping
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
when a netural stumulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response
Term
unconditioned stimulus
Definition
a stimulus that produces a response without prior learning
Term
unconditioned response
Definition
unlearned reaction that is automatically elicited by the ucs
Term
conditioned response
Definition
the learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occours after the cs-ucs paring
Term
conditioned stimulus
Definition
previously netural stimulus that eventually elicits a conditioned response after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus
Term
systematic desensitization
Definition
a method of therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety producing situations
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
a form of associative learning in which the consequences of a behavior change the probablity of the behaviors occourance
Term
insight learning
Definition
a form of problem solving in which the organisim develops a sudden insight into or understanding of a problems solution
Term
memory
Definition
as the retention of information or experience over time
Term
encoding
Definition
the process by which information fets into memory storage
Term
short-term memory
Definition
limited capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds
Term
working memory
Definition
3 part system that allows us to hold information temporarly as we perform cognitive tasks
Term
long term memory
Definition
a relatively permenanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information for a long time
Term
retriveal
Definition
memory process that occours when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage
Term
decay theory
Definition
when we learn something new a neurochemical memory trace forms but over time this disinegrates. time always increases forgetting
Term
amnesia
Definition
the loss of memory
Term
cognition
Definition
the way which information is processed and manipulated in remembering thinking and knowing
Term
thinking
Definition
mental process of manipulating information mentally by forming concepts solving problems making decisions and reflecting critcally or creatively
Term
mindfulness
Definition
being alert and mentally present for ones everyday activities
Term
intellegence
Definition
all purpouse abitlity to do well in cognitive tasks to solve problems and to learn from experience
Term
validity
Definition
the extent in which a test measures what it is intended to measure
Term
relaibility
Definition
the extent which a test yields a consistent reproducible measure of preformance
Term
intellegence quotient
Definition
an individuals mental age divided by chronoligical age multiplied by 100
Term
gifted
Definition
have high intellegence and supirior talent in a particular area
Term
mental retardation
Definition
a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ usually below a 70 on a traditional intellegence test and has difficulty adapting to everyday life
Term
language
Definition
a form of communication spoken, written, or signed that is based on a system of symbols
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