Term
| What are the 2 major components of the integument? |
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Definition
1) skin
2) accessory structures |
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Term
| What are the 2 components of the skin? |
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Definition
1)superficial epithelium--epidermis
2)connective tissue--dermis |
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Term
| What are the 4 cell types in the epidermis? |
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Definition
keratinocytes-most abundant, provide water resistance
melanocytes-pigment producing cells
Merkel cells-sensory detection
Langerhans cells-phagocytic cells |
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Term
| Name the five (or four for thin skin) layers from top to bottom. |
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Definition
stratum corneum-multiple layers of dead cells, keratinized, dry and water resistant
stratum lucidum-only in thick skin, glassy appearance
stratum granulosum-keratinocytes produce keratohyalin that accumulates in granules, cells become flatter, membrane thicker, cells die
stratum spinosum-keratinocytes bound together, some dividing keratinocytes, some Langerhans cells and melonocytes present
stratum germinativum-also called stratum basale, attached to basal lamina, stem cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells |
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Term
| What 3 factors affect skin color? |
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Definition
dermal blood supply
thickness of stratum corneum
variable quantities of carotene and melanin |
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Term
| What pigment can be converted to vitamin A? |
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Definition
carotene-a orange yellow pigment found in orange-colored vegetables
accumulates in keratinocytes |
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Term
| What are the 2 main layers of the dermis? |
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Definition
papillary layer
reticular layer |
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Term
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Definition
consists of loose connective tissue
contains capillaries and nerve endings
has dermal papillae that project between epidermal ridges |
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Term
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Definition
made of dense irregular connective tissue
surrounds blood vessels, hair follicles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands |
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Term
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Definition
loose connective tissue
mostly adipocytes
quite elastic |
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Term
| What are the accessory structures of the integument? |
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Definition
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
sweat glands
nails |
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Term
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Definition
| peg of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves at the follicle base |
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Term
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Definition
| epithelial cells that surround the hair papilla |
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Term
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Definition
| inner part of the hair, contains soft and flexible soft keratin |
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Term
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Definition
outer portion of the hair
relatively hard, contains hard keratin |
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Term
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Definition
| single layer of dead keratinized cells overlapping |
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Term
| What are the 3 hair follicle layers? |
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Definition
internal root sheath
external root sheath
glassy membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| interconnected network of arteries and veins supplying the skin in the subcutaneous layer along the border with the reticular layer |
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Term
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Definition
| small arteries in a branching network in the papillary layer |
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Term
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Definition
ribbon of smooth muscle extending from the papillary dermis to the connective tissue sheet surrounding the hair follicle
allows hairs to stand up |
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Term
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Definition
vellus
intermediate
terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| peach fuzz found over almost all of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| hairs that change in their distribution, such as hairs of the arms and legs |
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Term
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Definition
heavy, more deeply pigmented, and sometimes curly
Ex. head hair, eyebrows and eyelashes |
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Term
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Definition
| hair at the end of the growth cycle, when the follicle becomes inactive |
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Term
| 2 types of exocrine glands in the skin: |
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Definition
sebaceous glands-produce lipid secretion through holocrine secretion
sweat glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
produce sweat under armpits, around nipples, and in groin
very smelly |
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Term
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Definition
more numerous and widely distributed than apocrine sweat glands
found mostly on palms and soles of feet |
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Term
| 3 functions of a merocrine sweat gland |
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Definition
thermoregulation
excretion
protection |
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Term
| 2 types of specialized integumentary glands |
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Definition
mammary glands
ceruminous glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thickened stratum corneum at the end of the fingertip |
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