Shared Flashcard Set

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ch 3
exam 2
30
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2010

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
octet rule
Definition
atoms of representative elements form bonds to gain access to 8 outer e-
Term
valence electrons
Definition

outer e-

 

 1) completely gain or lose e-

+cations

-electrons

 

2)share e-

Term
ionic compounds- metals
Definition

lose 1-3e-

go back to Noble Gas conf.

Takes on charge

cations

Term
ionic compounds- nonmetals
Definition

gain 1-3 e-

go to next Noble Gas conf.

takes on charge

anions -, -2, -3

Term
formula units
Definition
lowest whole number ratio of elements
Term
ions
Definition
attracted to each other by electrostatic forces 
Term
covalent bonds between nonmetals
Definition
share electrons
Term
lewis structures
Definition

show how atoms are joined

 

show unshared e-

show charge, if any 

Term
resonance
Definition

attempt to describe true nature of bonding-usually with multiple bonds

 

rules:

correct #e-

obey rules of bonding

atoms NOT moved

Term
electronegativity
Definition

ability of an atom in a bond to attract e- toward it

 

increase left-right

increase top-bottom

Term

geometry of molecules

(figuring out)

Definition

1. draw lewis structure

2. count total # "things" attached to central atom

Term
valence-shell electron-pair repulsion model
Definition
Term
VSEPR
Definition
Term
the chemical bond's GOAL
Definition
to fill outer S&P orbitals
Term
formal charge
Definition
(V-F)
Term
Polarity of molecules
Definition

1) polarity of bonds

=polarity of

molecules

2) Geometry of molecules 

Term

nonpolar

 

Definition
symmetrical molecular structure
Term
polar
Definition
nonsymmetrical molecular structure
Term
polyatomic ions
Definition

-a group of covalently bound atoms which have no charge

-complex ions

-nonmetals

Term
nomenclature
Definition

-need to recognize type of compound

ionic and "mixed" 

(with polyatomic ions)

Term

nomenclature

types

metal

Definition

ionic

one charge

Group 1,2,3

 

name metal then metal with -ide ending

Term

nomenclature

types

nonmetal

Definition

ionic, covalent

binary (2 elements)

 

w/ polyatomic ions

Term
binary metal
Definition
one charge
Term
stock method
Definition

metal name (roman numeral) nonmetal-ide

 

lower charge=ous

higher charge= ic

Term
metal + polyatomic ion (ionic)
Definition

NaCN

=

Na+CN-

=

sodium cyanide

Term

nonmetal+nonmetal

(molecules) share electrons

Definition

write and name "most metal-like" 1st

(least electronegative)

 

name 1st nonmetal 1st

if>1 give prefix

 

2nd one 2nd (-ide)

give prefix

 

di tri tetra penta hexa hepa octa nona deca

Term
chemical reactions
Definition

(reactants)    (products)

A+B yields C+D

 

 

balance!!! need to have the same number of each element on either side of equation

Term
rules of balancing chemical equations
Definition

1. subscripts of compounds are fixed. do not change them when balancing equation

2. coefficients miust be in smalles whole number ration

3. coefficients multiply all numbers in formula

Term
helpful hints for balancing equations
Definition

1. do atoms other than H&O first

- compound with most atoms first

-if polyatomic ion is unchanged, treat as one unit

2. do rest of atoms except H&O

3. do H&O- choose the one in fewest compounds first

4. check balance- if any fractions were used, multiply through to get whole numbers

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