Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch 3
Cells
26
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Antibotic

Definition

 

 

A chemical that can slow or stop the growth of bacteria; many antibiotics are produced by living organisms. 

Term

 

 

Cell Theory 

Definition

 

 

The concept that all living organism are made of cells and that cells are formed by the reproduction of existing cells.

Term

 

 

Prokaryotic Cells

Definition

 

 

Cells that lack internal membrane-bound organelles.

Term

 

 

Eukaryotic Cells

Definition

 

 

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles, including a central nucleus.

Term

 

 

 

Organelles

Definition

 

 

The membrane-bound compartments of eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions.

Term

 

 

Cell Membrane

Definition

 

 

 

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that forms the boundary of all cells. 

Term

 

 

Cytoplasm

Definition

 

 

 

The gelatinous, aqueous interior of all cells.

Term

 

 

Ribosome

Definition

 

 

A complex of RNA and protein that carries out protein synthesis in all cells. 

Term

 

 

Nucleus

Definition
Term

 

 

Osmosis

Definition

 

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Term

 

 

Peptidoglycan

Definition

 

 

A macromolecule that forms all bacterial cell walls and probides regidity to the cell wall. 

Term

 

 

Cell Wall  

Definition

 

 

 

A rigid structure enclosing teh cell membrane of some cells that hels the cell maintain its shape.

Term

 

 

Gram-Positive

Definition

 

 

Refers to bacteria with a cell wall that includes a thick layer of peptidoglycan that retains the Gram stain.

Term

 

 

Gram-Negative

Definition

 

Refers to bacteria with a cell wall that includes a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer lipid membrane that does not retain the 

Gram stain.

Term

 

 

Simple Diffusion

Definition

 

The movement of small, hydrophobic molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; simple diffusion does not require energy.

Term

 

 

Transport Proteins

Definition

 

 

Proteins involved in the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. 

Term

 

 

Facilitated Diffusion

Definition

 

The process by which large or hydrohilic solutes move across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of tracnsport proteins. 

Term

 

 

Active Transport

Definition

 

 

The energy-requiring process by which solutes are pumped from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with the help of transport proteins. 

Term

 

 

Nuclear Envelope

Definition

 

 

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. 

Term

 

 

Mitochondria 

Definition

 

 

Membrane-bound organelles reponsible for inportant energy-conversion reations in eukaryotes. 

Term

 

 

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Definition

 

 

A membrane-enclosed seriers of passages in eukaryotic cells in which proteins and lipids are synthesized. 

Term

 

 

Golgi Apparatus

Definition

 

 

An organelle made up of stacked membrane enclosed discs that packages proteins and prepares them for transport

Term

 

 

Chloroplast

Definition

 

 

An organelle in plant and algal cells that is the site of photosynthesis

Term

 

 

Lysosome

Definition

 

 

An organelle in eukaryotic cells filled with enzymes that an degrade worn-out cellular structures. 

Term

 

 

Cytoskeleton

Definition

 

 

A network of protein fivers in eukaryotic cells that provides structure and facilitates cell movement. 

Term

 

 

Endosymbiosis

Definition

 

 

The theory that freeliving prokaryotic cells engulfed other freeliving prokaryotic cells billions of years ago, forming eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!