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Ch 3
Chemistry of Organic Molecules
76
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2011

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Cards

Term
Large macromolecules are made in a reaction called?
Definition
Dehydration
Term
The monosaccharide that is the major source of energy for cells is?
Definition
Glucose
Term
What polysaccharide is the most abundant organic molecule on Earth?
Definition
Cellulose
Term
Fats and oils consists of?
Definition
1 glycerol+3 Fatty Acids
Term
Which lipid is found in the plasma membrane?
Definition
Phospholipid
Term
The building blocks of proteins are called?
Definition
Amino Acids
Term
When a protein loses its shape because of high temperature or change in pH it has been?
Definition
Denatured
Term
What is the genetic material with stored directions for making all proteins in the body?
Definition
DNA
Term
Nucleotides are the subunits of nucleic acids. What is the correct order of molecules in one nucleotide?
Definition
Phosphate-Sugar-Base
Term
Lactose will break down into what in your small intestine?
Definition
Glucose and Galactose
Term
Plants store excess glucose in the form of the polysaccharide called?
Definition
Starch
Term
What is the dehydration equation for Maltose?
Definition
Maltose + water--> Glucose + Glucose
Term
What type of fat is solid at room temp?
Definition
Saturated fatty acids
Term
Which 2 lipid categories have glycerol as a subunit?
Definition
Fats; Phospholipids
Term
Steroids contain?
Definition
4 fused Carbon Rings
Term
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and cholesterol are?
Definition
Steroids
Term
An animal cell's plasma mem. contains which lipids?
Definition
Phospholipids and Cholesterol
Term
Fatty acids and amino acids are termed acids because they have what functional group in common?
Definition
Carboxyl
Term
Protein is eventually broken down into subunits called?
Definition
Amino Acids
Term
When 2 or more polypeptides join together to form the final protein the protein has what kind of structure?
Definition
Quaternary
Term
Are chaperone proteins responsible for helping proteins fold into their proper shape?
Definition
Yes
Term
In addition to C, H and O, DNA also has a lot of?
Definition
Nitrogen
Term
ATP is considered a ?
Definition
Nucleotide
Term
What are the 4 functional groups that are common in biological organic molecules?
Definition
Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino, and Phosphate
Term
Dehydration
Definition
a larger molecule is formed from subunits
Term
What happens to water in a dehydration reaction?
Definition
It is removed
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
a large molecule is broken down into subunits
Term
Is water required in a Hydrolysis reaction?
Definition
Yes
Term
Polymer
Definition
largest biomolecule made up of subunits called monomers
Term
Monomers
Definition
Many monomers make up a polymer
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
Protein and Nucleic acid that is a polymer containing innumerable monosaccharides
Term
Carbohydrates contain which of the essential 6 elements?
Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Term
What are the monomers of Carbohydrates?
Definition
Monosaccharides
Term
How many monosaccharides are in 1 Disaccharide?
Definition
2
Term
What is the dehydration reaction for Sucrose?
Definition
Glucose + Fructose--> Sucrose + Water
Term
What polysaccharide do animals store glucose in? and where?
Definition
Glycogen and in the liver cells
Term
Where can chitin be found?
Definition
Cell walls of fungi
Term
Where can Peptidoglycan be found?
Definition
In cell walls of Bacteria
Term
Cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan all contain many monosaccharides called?
Definition
Glucose
Term
Of the 6 essential elements which make up Lipids?
Definition
Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen and Phosphorus
Term
Can lipids dissolve in water?
Definition
No
Term
Are the chains of C--H bonds in lipids considered polar?
Definition
NO (nonpolar)
Term
What are the subunit molecules that join together to form a triglyceride ?
Definition
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Term
The first carbon atom of any fatty acid is part of the functional group called?
Definition
Carboxyl
Term
Which type of fatty acid contains one or more double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms?
Definition
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Term
Would the presence of hydroxyl groups in glycerol make glycerol(by itself) soluble?
Definition
Yes.
Term
What is the dehydration equation for making a triglyeride?
Definition
1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids--> Triglyeride + 3 Water
Term
What part of a phospholipid is Hydrophilic?
Definition
The Head
Term
What part of a phospholipid is Hydrophobic?
Definition
The tails
Term
What subunit molecules(monomers) join together to form a phospholipid?
Definition
Glycerol, 3 Fatty Acids, phosphate and Rgroup
Term
Which monomers represent the head of a phospholipid?
Definition
Glycerol , Rgroup and Phosphate
Term
Which monomers represent the tails of a phospholipid?
Definition
Fatty Acids
Term
What are the monomers that join to form waxes?
Definition
Long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohol
Term
Which of the 6 essential elements are found in Proteins?
Definition
Nitrogen, Carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen, and Sulfur
Term
What are defense proteins called?
Definition
Antibodies
Term
What are the 2 main proteins in muscle?
Definition
Actin and Myosin
Term
What are the monomers of proteins?
Definition
Amino Acids
Term
What is a peptide?
Definition
2 or more amino acids bonded together
Term
Polypeptide
Definition
Chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Term
Protein
Definition
Can contain more than one polypeptide chain
Term
In 1 amino acid what 2 functional groups are present?
Definition
Amino, and Acid Group
Term
What structure is the order of amino acids in a polypeptide?
Definition
Primary
Term
What structure has nonadjacent amino acids in the primary structure bind to one another forming either a alpha helix or pleated sheet?
Definition
Secondary
Term
Which type of bonding made it possible for nonadjacent amino acids to bind together?
Definition
Hydrogen bonding
Term
Give an example of a helix?
Definition
Proteins that make up wool, hair, skin and nails
Term
Give an example of a pleated sheet structure?
Definition
Proteins that make up silk
Term
What structure results when an Rgroups in the same polypeptide chain and interact causing the secondary structure to fold on itself?
Definition
Tertiary
Term
What structure has a globular shape?
Definition
Tertiary
Term
What structure has bonds formed between 2 or more polypeptides?
Definition
Quaternary
Term
What are misfolded proteins called?
Definition
Prions
Term
Of the 6 essential elements which are found in Nucleic Acids?
Definition
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Term
What monomers make up Nucleic Acids?
Definition
Nucleotides
Term
In DNA what is the pentose sugar?
Definition
Deoxyribose
Term
In RNA what is the Pentose Sugar?
Definition
Ribose
Term
Is pentose sugar considered a monosaccharide?
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the 3 molecules that join together to form ATP?
Definition
phosphate-phosphate-ribose-adenine-phosphate
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