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Ch 30 Vocab APBio 8th ed
N/A
34
Biology
12th Grade
12/14/2009

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Term
angiosperm
Definition
A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
Term
basal angiosperm
Definition
Member of a clade of three early-diverging lineages of flowering plants. Examples are Amborella, water lilies, and star anise and its relatives.
Term
carpel
Definition
The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Term
conifer
Definition
Member of the largest gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs.
Term
cotyledon
Definition
A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two.
Term
cross-pollination
Definition
in angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species.
Term
dicot
Definition
A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade; species once classified as dicots are now grouped into eudicots, magnoliids, and several lineages of basal angiosperms.
Term
double fertilization
Definition
A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.
Term
endosperm
Definition
In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.
Term
eudicot
Definition
Member of a clade consisting of the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons.
Term
filament
Definition
In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Term
flower
Definition
In an angiosperm, a short stem with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.
Term
fossil
Definition
A preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past.
Term
fruit
Definition
A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal.
Term
gymnosperm
Definition
A vascular plant that bears naked seeds—seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.
Term
indeterminate cleavage
Definition
A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo.
Term
integument
Definition
Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant.
Term
magnoliid
Definition
Member of the angiosperm clade most closely related to eudicots. Extant examples are magnolias, laurels, and black pepper plants.
Term
monocot
Definition
Member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon.
Term
ovary
Definition
(1) In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. (2) In animals, the structure that produces female gametes and reproductive hormones.
Term
ovule
Definition
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.
Term
petal
Definition
A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
Term
pollen grain
Definition
In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.
Term
pollination
Definition
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.
Term
progymnosperm
Definition
An extinct seedless vascular plant that may be ancestral to seed plants.
Term
radial symmetry
Definition
Symmetry in which the body is shaped like a pie or barrel (lacking a left side and a right side) and can be divided into mirror-imaged halves by any plane through its central axis.
Term
seed
Definition
An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.
Term
sepal
Definition
A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.
Term
sporangium
Definition
A multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.
Term
spore
Definition
(1) In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell. (2) In fungi, a haploid cell, produced either sexually or asexually, that produces a mycelium after germination.
Term
sporophyte
Definition
In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.
Term
stamen
Definition
The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament.
Term
stigma
Definition
The sticky part of a flower’s carpel, which traps pollen grains.
Term
style
Definition
The stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.
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