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ch 27 skin problems II
ch 27 skin problems ii
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10/20/2013

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Term
when a person if first infected with cutaneous anthrax what is seen on the skin and then if a few days what is seen
Definition
raised vesicle may itch and resemble an insect bite, then in a few days it becomeshemorrhagic and sinks inward
Term
what are the 3things that can distinguish anthrax from insect bites
Definition
painless and eschar appears
Term
what else may be present with antrhax
Definition
enlarged lymph nodes and fever chills
Term
what is needed to prove antrhax
Definition
cultures
Term
what are the antibiotics of chois for anthrax
Definition
ciproflaxin
doxycyline
Term
when adminstering vancomycin what are some precautions
Definition
has to be given over 60 min and must chenck for reddnes or pain or cordlike veins
Term
what can vancomycin cause and why is it important to check for the redness or pain
Definition
it can cause histamine release and causes red man syndrome it is also very irritating to the veins and can trigger thrombophlebitis
Term
what are some nursing implecations when giving clindamycin
Definition
same as when giving vancomycin but als need to ask about diarreha and bledding at the gums because it causes changes to intestinal flora and reduces platlts
Term
pediculosis
Definition
lice
Term
pediculosis capitis
Definition
head lice
Term
pediculosis corpus
Definition
lice that lay eggs in clothing seen on abs, trunk, and extremities
Term
scabies
Definition
contagious skin disease caused by mites from close and prolonged contact of infected bedding
Term
where is scabies found mostly
Definition
school children
pets
homeless
institutionalized pt
Term
what does scabies look like
Definition
linerar ridges in the skin, caused by burrowing of the mite into the outer skin layers
Term
how do they confirm scabies
Definition
scraping a lesion and looking under microscope
Term
cimex lectularis
Definition
bed bugs
Term
what do bed bug do
Definition
they do not live on humans but they feed on our blood
Term
what do the bed bugs do while feeding on a host
Definition
inject saliva that had an anticoagualnt AND THEN SUCKS THE BLOOD
Term
what can you do to get rid of bed bugs
Definition
heat- wash linens in hot water and dry them in hot dryer if they cant be washed then stored them in a dark plastic bag and put it in hot sun
Term
atopic dermatitis what is ti and how can it be made worst
Definition
rash that is apparnet with respiratory allergies and made worst with food allergies, chemicals and stress
Term
psoriasis what is it
Definition
autoimmune reaction from overstimulating immune system- the langenhorn cells in the skin respond to antigens and t lymphocyte activation
Term
how can pt with psorisis feel better
Definition
in a warmer climate and more exposure to sun
Term
psoriasis vulgaris how does this look
Definition
red thick covered with silvery plaques
Term
exfoliative psoriasis
Definition
scaling without obvious lesions
Term
palmoplanter pustulosis
Definition
is a form of psoriasis that causes pustules on the palms of the henads and feet
Term
corticosteroids have antiinflamatory reactions what does this do for psoriasis
Definition
suppress cell division
Term
tar preparations are applied to the skin and suppress cell division when is coal tar used
Definition
inpatient because they are messy and cause staining
Term
anthralin is a topical therapy used for skin problems what can this be used with
Definition
can be used alone and with tar baths and uv lighting
Term
what should you teach a pt who is applying anthralin
Definition
it is high potent and needs to be applied for short periods of time because it can cause chemical bruns
Term
using uv B light and UV A light for skin problems
Definition
uvB produces more energy but can cause burning/ UVa light emits lower levels of energy requiring longer periods of exposure before cell destruciton occurs
Term
some treatments are methotrexate what does this cause
Definition
its cytotoxic and can cause liver damge
Term
why shouldnt you wear gloves with those with psoriasis
Definition
because touch- more then any other gesture communicates acceptance of those with skin problems
Term
cysts
Definition
firm flesh colored nodules that have liquid or semisolid material it can move upon palpation
Term
pilonidal cyst
Definition
lesion of the sacral area has a sinus track that goes into deeper tissue structures
Term
seborrhic keratoses
Definition
common in older people thses are bening neoplasms look as if they are pasted on
Term
keloids what are they and who is more commonly assosiated with having them
Definition
overgorwth of a scar with excessive accumulation of collaen and grouwnd substance more common in colors
Term
nevus
Definition
mole
Term
why is it imporatnt to keep an eye on moles
Definition
because about 50% of malignant melanomas come from moles
Term
actinic keratoses what is it and who has these
Definition
permalignant lesions of the cells of the epidermis common in those who have sun damaged skin
Term
squamous cell carcinomas
Definition
cancers of the epidermis-from chronic skin damge
Term
basal cell carcinomas where is it come from/ who gets this/ and what can happen if unoticed
Definition
from the basal layer of the epidermis metasis is rare but can cause destruction to underlying organs. those who get this is from genetic and sun burned skin
Term
melanomas what is it and who gets it
Definition
pigmented cancers from melanin producing cells from genetics
sun
unusual molse
Term
out of all the skin related carcinomas what ones are more prone to metasize
Definition
melanoma squamous cell carcinoma
Term
who has the highest risk for skin cancers
Definition
light skinned and those older then 60
Term
koebners phenom
Definition
skin that has been injured that has a greater risk for skin cancer- scared skin
lesions
moles
birthmarks
Term
cyrosurgery
Definition
liquid nitrogento isolated lesions to cause cell death
Term
currettage and electodesiccation
Definition
used for small lesionsthat ARE NOT melanoma. it can destroy all cancerous cells while maintaing little damage around other tissues
Term
excision
Definition
small lesionsto biopsy skin
Term
mohs surgery what is it used for and what is done
Definition
sugery used to treat basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas., the cancerous section is sectioned horizontally and then each layer is examined
Term
wide excision
Definition
for deep melanomas or other skin cancers that are large and invasive
Term
aesthetic plasic surgery
Definition
cosmetic surgery to imrove body appearance
Term
rhytidectomy what is it and what to pts do to prepare
Definition
facelift/ pt wash their hair with antibacterial soap
Term
what is a bad sing after a thinoplasty and needs to be reported
Definition
repeated swalloing
Term
after rhinoplasty the pts should not increase pressure in the head by following these 4 rules
Definition
stay upright
avoid facial movements
avoid bending, blowinf sneezing with mouth closed
dont bear down
Term
blepharoplasty
Definition
removes bags under eyes
Term
dermabrasion
Definition
removal of facial epidermis
Term
comedones
Definition
blackhead and white heads
Term
what are the side effects of acutane and roche
Definition
elevated liver function test, dry chapped skin
depression
Term
lichen planus
Definition
skin disorder of purple flat topped papules that itch- unknown causes
Term
wher are linchen planus lesions seen
Definition
foreatrms lower legs genitalits
Term
if a person had oral lesions of lichen planus what would they look like/ and what are these lesions confused with
Definition
white and lacelike- often confused with thrush
Term
pemphigus vulgaris
Definition
rare chronic blistering
Term
troxic epidermal necrolysis what is it and what membranes are often involved
Definition
acute drug reaction of the skin resulting in diffuse erythmea and large blisters- mucous memebranes are often involved
Term
syteven johnson syndrome
Definition
dryg induced immonulogic skin reaction similar to toxic epidermal necrolysis
Term
what is done to treat a person with steven johnson syndrome
Definition
take away drug that caused it
mecahnical ventialtion may be required
renal replacement therapy
Term
leprosy
Definition
chronic contagious systemic myobacterial infection of the peripheral nervous system
Term
how is leprosy spread
Definition
airborn, insects and direst contact
Term
what are the skin changes with leprosy
Definition
red hairless palques that may be scaley or red macules, papules, nodules
Term
what can leprosy cause to the peripheral system
Definition
damged and reduced skin sensations
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