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| Animals that maintain internal body temperature using heat generated by their own metabolism are called |
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| Animals that maintain internal body temperature using heat generated by their own metabolism are called |
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| Heat flows through the body itself |
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| Heat flows through the body itself |
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| It is a cool winter evening, and you are feeling a little chilled. To warm yourself up, you sip some warm tea. As you swallow, you can feel the tea warm your mouth and throat. This tea is warming you up by the process of |
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Definition
| It is a cool winter evening, and you are feeling a little chilled. To warm yourself up, you sip some warm tea. As you swallow, you can feel the tea warm your mouth and throat. This tea is warming you up by the process of |
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| To enhance heat loss, humans sweat, an adaptation known as |
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Definition
| To enhance heat loss, humans sweat, an adaptation known as |
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| The transfer of heat from arteries carrying warm blood past veins returning cooler blood is an example of |
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Definition
| a countercurrent heat exchanger. |
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Term
| a countercurrent heat exchanger. |
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Definition
| The transfer of heat from arteries carrying warm blood past veins returning cooler blood is an example of |
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Term
| Marine animals that have body fluids with a solute concentration equal to that of the surrounding seawater are |
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Definition
| Marine animals that have body fluids with a solute concentration equal to that of the surrounding seawater are |
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| freshwater fish tend to gain water osmotically. |
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| Saltwater fish tend to lose water because of osmosis. Their kidneys return water to the body. |
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| Freshwater fish use their gills to actively take up salt ions. T/F |
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| Freshwater fish produce urine. T/F |
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Term
| Which of the following kinds of animals excrete their nitrogenous waste entirely as ammonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds, like other animals, must eliminate ammonia or urea, and do so by converting them to |
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Definition
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| function of the vertebrate liver |
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Definition
| combining ammonia and carbon dioxide to form urea |
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Term
| combining ammonia and carbon dioxide to form urea is a function of what? |
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Definition
| function of the vertebrate liver |
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Term
| What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a function of the excretory system? |
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Definition
| maintenance of water balance |
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Term
| maintenance of water balance is function of what system? |
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding the urinary system is true? |
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Definition
| Bowman's capsule envelops the glomerulus. |
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Term
| Bowman's capsule envelops the glomerulus. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| The first step in the formation of urine is the |
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Definition
| formation of filtrate that enters Bowman's capsule. |
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Term
| formation of filtrate that enters Bowman's capsule |
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Definition
| is the first step in the formation of urine |
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Term
| Urine flows from the collecting duct into the |
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Definition
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| The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as |
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Definition
| The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as |
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Term
| Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by |
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Definition
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Term
| During production of urine, a major function of the kidney is |
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Definition
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Term
| Where along the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where along the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood? |
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Term
| On a cold day, blood vessels in the skin _____. |
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Definition
| constrict, reducing heat loss from blood at the surface |
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Term
| Because blood vessels lie close to the surface of the skin, they give off heat to the external environment easily. Constricting blood vessels in the skin prevents heat loss. |
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Definition
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Term
| The kidney's filtration process is nonselective, so _____. |
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Definition
| useful substances must be selectively reabsorbed |
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Term
| Which of the following correctly pairs the filtrate component with the appropriate process and location in the kidney? |
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Definition
| K+ secreted in the distal tubule of the renal cortex |
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Term
| What is the main function of the distal tubule? |
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Definition
| secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- |
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Term
| The _____ is the inner region of the kidney from which urine flows to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The _____ is the inner region of the kidney from which urine flows to the renal pelvis and then to the ureter. |
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Term
| Uric acid is the nitrogenous waste excreted by birds, insects, and many reptiles. An advantage of excreting uric acid is that it _____, but a disadvantage is that it _____. |
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Definition
| saves water … costs energy |
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Term
| Which would have the toughest time surviving over the long term in the environment given? |
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Definition
| an ectotherm in a cold environment |
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Term
| Thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and excretion are _____. |
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Definition
| mechanisms that moderate change in the body |
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Term
| A countercurrent heat exchanger enables an animal to _____. |
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Definition
| reduce the loss of heat to the environment |
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Term
| Which of the following primarily involves heat transfer by convection? |
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Definition
| You roll down the car window to let the cool breeze blow through. |
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Term
| An aquatic animal that has the same solute concentration as its environment is a(n) _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An aquatic animal that has the same solute concentration as its environment is a(n) _____. |
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Term
| Which of the following nitrogenous wastes requires the greatest amount of water to excrete? |
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Definition
Ammonia
Ammonia.
is a toxic substance and requires a great deal of water for its disposal. |
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Term
| Which of the following is a function of the human kidney? |
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Definition
| The kidneys function to adjust the composition of the body fluids and rid the body of metabolic waste materials. |
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Term
| What is a major difference between filtrate in the nephron and urine leaving the bladder? |
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Definition
| The filtrate contains amino acids and vitamins, but urine does not. |
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Term
| Which part of the nephron is most directly involved in the filtration of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of the nephron is most directly involved in the filtration of blood |
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Term
| distal tubule empties into the collecting duct. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the correct sequence of filtrate processing in the nephron? |
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Definition
| filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion |
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Term
| What happens to glucose in the filtrate as it passes through the proximal tubule? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main function of the loop of Henle? |
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Definition
reabsorption
Reabsorption of water occurs at the loop of Henle as well as the collecting duct. |
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Term
| The effect of ADH is to _____. |
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Definition
| increase water reabsorption |
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Term
| In kidney dialysis, what process substitutes for secretion and reabsorption of solutes? |
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Definition
diffusion
Bicarbonate diffuses into the blood, and urea can diffuse out. |
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