Term
| Describe the formation of the earth & its early atmosphere. |
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Definition
| Atmosphere on early Earth was rich in water vapor (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3). There was no oxygen (O) in the early atmosphere. Early atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere not an oxidizing atmosphere. |
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Term
| Describe the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis. |
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Definition
| That organic molecules (i.e. nucleotides and amino acids) arose spontaneously under the conditions on primitive Earth. |
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Term
| Describe Miller & Urey’s test of the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis. |
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Definition
| He built an experimental apparatus that simulated the conditions on early Earth. |
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Term
| what are the 4 stages of the origin of organic life? |
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Definition
Stage 1: Origin of organic molecules
Stage 2: Polymerization of monomers into polymers
Stage 3: Polymers became enclosed in membranes
Stage 4: Origin of hereditary molecules |
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Term
| what is the first stage of how the origin of life came to be? |
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Definition
Stage 1: Origin of organic molecules
-organic molecules (i.e. nucleotides and amino acids) arose spontaneously under the conditions on primitive Earth. |
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Term
| what is the second stage of how the origin of life came to be? |
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Definition
Stage 2: Polymerization of monomers into polymers
-Polymers form by dehydration reactions.-A type of condensation reaction in which a molecule of water is removed when monomers combine. |
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Term
| what is the third stage of how the origin of life came to be? |
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Definition
Stage 3: Polymers became enclosed in membranes
-Aggregate of prebiotically produced molecules and macromolecules that acquired a boundary, such as a lipid bilayer, that allowed it to maintain an internal chemical environment distinct from that of its surroundings. |
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Term
| what is the fourth stage of how the origin of life came to be? |
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Definition
Stage 4: Origin of hereditary molecules
-Majority of scientists favor RNA as the first macromolecule found in protobionts. |
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Term
| Describe the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotic cells and the evidence supporting the hypothesis. |
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Definition
Endosymbiotic relationship- one organism lived inside another
Evidence: 1.Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA similar to that of bacteria.
Evidence: 2.Mitochondria are similar in size to bacteria. |
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Term
| approximate date the earth formed |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the cooling of the Earth’s crust happen |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the first appearance of prokaryotes occured |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the increase in Oxygen levels from O2 producing cyanobacteria occured |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the first appearance of eukaryotes occured |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the appearance of plants occured |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the appearance of flowering plants (angiosperms) occured |
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Definition
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Term
| approximate date the appearance of Homo sapiens occured |
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Definition
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Term
| List the eons of the geological time table & their approximate dates. |
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Definition
1) Hadean 4.55- 3.8 BYA
2) Archaean 3.8- 2.5 BYA
3) Proterozoic 2.5 BYA- 543 MYA
4) Phanerozoic 543 MYA - present |
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Term
| List the eras and corresponding periods of the geological time table & their approximate dates. |
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Definition
1) Hadean- no eras/ no periods
2) Archaean- 3 eras early 3.8-3.4bya, middle 3.4-3.0bya, late 3.0-2.5bya/no periods
3) Proterozoic- 3 eras early 2.5-1.6bya, middle 1.6bya-900mya, late 900-543mya/ no periods
4) Phanerozoic- 3 eras Paleozoic/6 periods, Mesozoic/3 periods, Cenozoic/2 periods |
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Term
| Phanerozoic eon eras and periods |
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Definition
Paleozoic 543-248mya
-Cambrian 543-490mya
-Ordovician 490-443mya
-Silurian 443-417mya
-Devonian 417-354mya
-Carboniferous 354-290mya
-Permian 290-248mya
Mesozoic 248-65mya
-Triassic 248-206mya
-Jurassic 206-144mya
-Cretaceous 144-65mya
Cenozoic 65mya-Present
-Tertiary 65-1.8mya
-Quaternary 1.9mya-Present |
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Term
| Describe radioisotope dating and relative dating. |
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Definition
Radioisotope Dating-Fossils can be dated by analyzing the decay of radioisotopes in the accompanying rock.
Relative Dating-Older rock is deeper and older organisms are deeper in the rock bed. |
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Term
| Describe how continental drift has impacted macroevolution & help to explain the fossil record. |
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Definition
| Due to continental drift many species have been allowed access to different geographical locations and then slowly isolated in those areas allowing for species to be found in climates that today they would not have survived in. |
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Term
| List biases of the fossil record. |
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Definition
Anatomy
Size
Number
Environment
Time
Geology
Paleontology |
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