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Ch.21 bio of plants
the seedless vascular plants: ferns and their relatives
13
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/17/2011

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Term
-internal conduction tissue developed
-true leaves appeared
-roots that funtion in absorption and anchorage developed
-gametophytes became progressively smaller
Definition
4 things occured during early stages of vascular evolution:
Term
psilotophyta, lycophyta, equisetophyta, polypodiophyta
Definition
4 phyla of seedless vascular plants:
Term
psilotophyta
Definition
sporophytes have neither true leaves, nor roots

stems and rhizomes fork evenly (dichotomous branching)
Term
lycophyta
Definition
plants covered with microphylls
Term
microphylls
Definition
leaves w/ single vein whose trace is not associated with a leaf gap
Term
megaphylls
Definition
leaves with more than one vein and a leaf trace associated with leaf gap
Term
polypodiophyta
Definition
sporophytes have megaphylls that are often large and much divided
Term
vary in size from 1cm to 25 m

leaves are megaphylls

require external water for reproduction
Definition
structure and form of ferns:
Term
fronds
Definition
fern leaves that are megaphylls
Term
reproduction of the ferns
Definition
fronds first appear coiled in crozier and then unroll & expand

meiosis forms spores in sporangia

spores released & grow into gametophytes(prothalli)

zygote develops into young sporophyte

gametophyte dies and leaves sporophyte growing independently
Term
sori
Definition
sporangia may be scattered on lower leaf surface or found in discrete clusters called:
Term
indusia, annulus
Definition
sori may be protected by ______ with a row of heavy walled brownish cells called _____
Term
house plants (air filters)
outdoor ornamentals
cooked rhizomes as food
folk medicine
fronds used in thatching for homes
basketry and weaving
Definition
6 human and eco relevant uses of phylum polypodiophyta (ferns)
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