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CH 20
Key Terms
9
Psychology
Graduate
05/01/2015

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Term
backward chaining
Definition
A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently.
Term
backward chaining with leaps ahead
Definition
A backward chaining procedure in which some steps in the task analysis are skipped; used to increase the efficiency of teaching long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the learner's repertoire.
Term
behavior chain
Definition
A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain maintains the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all previous responses in the chain.
Term
behavior chain interruption strategy
Definition
An intervention that relies on the participant's skill in performing the critical elements of a chain independently; the chain is interrupted occasionally so that another behavior can be emitted.
Term
behavior chain with a limited hold
Definition
A contingency that specifies a time interval by which a behavior chain must be completed for reinforcement to be delivered.
Term
chaining
Definition
Various procedures for teaching behavior chains.
Term
forward chaining
Definition
A method for teaching behavior chains that begins with the learner being prompted and taught to perform the first behavior in the task analysis; the trainer completes the remaining steps in the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the first step in the chain, he is then taught to perform the first two behaviors in the chain, with the training completing the chain. This process is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently.
Term
task analysis
Definition
The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process.
Term
total-task chaining
Definition
A variation of forward chaining in which the learner receives training on each behavior in the chain during each session.
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