Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Ch.20 bio of plants
Introduction to the plant kingdom: byrophytes
34
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/17/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
similarities between plants and green algae (4 things)
Definition
chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids

starch as food reserve

cellulose in cell walls

phragmoplast and cell plate during cell division
Term
3 features that prevent plants from overdrying
Definition
plant surfaces developed fatty cuticle to retard water loss

gametangia and sporangia became multicellular and surrounded by jacket of sterile cells

zygotes developed into multicellular embryos within parental tissues that originally surrounded egg
Term
mychorrizial fungi
Definition
byrophytes often have ________ _______ associated with their rhizoids
Term
ecologically important in bogs
Definition
peat mosses
Term
byrophytes do not have true xylem and phloem, but instead have
Definition
many have hydroids for water conduction(most water absorbed through surface directly)

few have leptoids for food conduction
Term
to reproduce sexually, byrophyes must have
Definition
external water
Term
byrophytes exhibit
Definition
alteration of generations
Term
gametophyte produces---
Definition
gametes
Term
sporophyte generation grows from _______ and produces _________
Definition
grows from gametophyte, produces spores
Term
byrophyte lines may have arisen independently from---
Definition
ancestral green algae
Term
structure and form of liverworts
Definition
most common and widespread liverworts have flattened lobed thalli

develops from spores
Term
marchantia
Definition
upper surface is divided into diamond-shaped segments that mark the limits of chambers below

each segment has small bordered pore opening into chamber

short erect rows of cells with chloropasts sit on floor of chambers
Term
marchantia is what type of liverwort?
Definition
thalloid
Term
asexual characteristics of marchantia
Definition
by means of gemmae, produced in gemmae cups scattered over upper surface of thallus
Term
gemmae
Definition
tiny, lens-shaped pieces of tissue that become detached from thallus
Term
sexual characteristics of marchantia
Definition
gametangia formed on gametophores

embryo dependent on gametophyte for sustenance

foot of sporophyte anchors to archegoniophore

immature sporophyte protected by calyptra
Term
antheridiophore
Definition
male gametophore, anteridia that contain sperm found on upper surface
Term
archegoniophore
Definition
female gametophore in sexual production of marchantia
Term
seta
Definition
short stalk
Term
capsule
Definition
meiosis produces haploid spores inside

other cells in this do not undergo meiosis and develop into elaers with spiral thickenings

elaters sensitive to humidity twist and untwist quickly to aid spore dispersal by breaking up spore mass
Term
mature sporophytes look like miniature greenish black rods
Definition
structure and form of hornworts
Term
gametophytes thalloid of hornworts
Definition
cells with only one large chloroplast

have pores and cavities filled with mucilage that often contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Term
fragmentation of thallus
Definition
asexual reproduction of hornworts
Term
numerous stomata

meristem above foot continually increases length of sporophyte from base

meiosis occurs in this to produce spores

diploid elaters intermingled with spores
Definition
characteristics of sporophyte
Term
characteristics of sexual reproduction of hornworts
Definition
archengia and antheridia produced in rows just beneath upper surfaces of gametophytes

sporophytes
Term
peat, true, rock
Definition
3 classes of mosses
Term
mosses
Definition
leaves of moss gametophytes have blades nearly always one-cell thick and never lobed or divided

numerous chloroplats

axis stemlike, without xylem or phloem
Term
peat mosses
Definition
have large transparent cells without chloroplasts that absorb water; and small, green photosynthetic cells sandwhiched between
Term
paraphyses
Definition
multicellular filaments in mosses; scattered among antheridia
Term
gametangia at apices of leafy shoots, antheridia on short stalks, surrounded by walls one cell thick

sperm forced out the top of the antheridium

archegonia release substances that attract sperm

sperm swim down neck of archegonia

zygote grows into spindle shaped embryo
Definition
sexual reproduction of mosses
Term
calyptra
Definition
top of archegonium splits off and forms cap on top of sporophyte in sexual production of mosses to form:
Term
capsule
Definition
this opens or closes in response to humidity in sexual production of mosses
Term
succession
Definition
pioneer species on bare rock after volcanic eruptions or other geographical upheavals
Term
1. succession accumulates mineral and organic matter that is utilized by other organism
2. retain moisture and reduce flooding and erosion
3. indicators of surface water
4.packing material
5.peat moss is soil conditioner, fuel, poultice material because of its absorbency and antiseptic tendencies
Definition
human and ecological relevance of byrophytes: (5 of them)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!