Term
| similarities between plants and green algae (4 things) |
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Definition
chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids
starch as food reserve
cellulose in cell walls
phragmoplast and cell plate during cell division |
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Term
| 3 features that prevent plants from overdrying |
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Definition
plant surfaces developed fatty cuticle to retard water loss
gametangia and sporangia became multicellular and surrounded by jacket of sterile cells
zygotes developed into multicellular embryos within parental tissues that originally surrounded egg |
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Term
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Definition
| byrophytes often have ________ _______ associated with their rhizoids |
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Term
| ecologically important in bogs |
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Definition
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Term
| byrophytes do not have true xylem and phloem, but instead have |
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Definition
many have hydroids for water conduction(most water absorbed through surface directly)
few have leptoids for food conduction |
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Term
| to reproduce sexually, byrophyes must have |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alteration of generations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sporophyte generation grows from _______ and produces _________ |
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Definition
| grows from gametophyte, produces spores |
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Term
| byrophyte lines may have arisen independently from--- |
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Definition
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Term
| structure and form of liverworts |
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Definition
most common and widespread liverworts have flattened lobed thalli
develops from spores |
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Term
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Definition
upper surface is divided into diamond-shaped segments that mark the limits of chambers below
each segment has small bordered pore opening into chamber
short erect rows of cells with chloropasts sit on floor of chambers |
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Term
| marchantia is what type of liverwort? |
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Definition
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Term
| asexual characteristics of marchantia |
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Definition
| by means of gemmae, produced in gemmae cups scattered over upper surface of thallus |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny, lens-shaped pieces of tissue that become detached from thallus |
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Term
| sexual characteristics of marchantia |
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Definition
gametangia formed on gametophores
embryo dependent on gametophyte for sustenance
foot of sporophyte anchors to archegoniophore
immature sporophyte protected by calyptra |
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Term
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Definition
| male gametophore, anteridia that contain sperm found on upper surface |
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Term
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Definition
| female gametophore in sexual production of marchantia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
meiosis produces haploid spores inside
other cells in this do not undergo meiosis and develop into elaers with spiral thickenings
elaters sensitive to humidity twist and untwist quickly to aid spore dispersal by breaking up spore mass |
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Term
| mature sporophytes look like miniature greenish black rods |
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Definition
| structure and form of hornworts |
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Term
| gametophytes thalloid of hornworts |
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Definition
cells with only one large chloroplast
have pores and cavities filled with mucilage that often contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| asexual reproduction of hornworts |
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Term
numerous stomata
meristem above foot continually increases length of sporophyte from base
meiosis occurs in this to produce spores
diploid elaters intermingled with spores |
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Definition
| characteristics of sporophyte |
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Term
| characteristics of sexual reproduction of hornworts |
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Definition
archengia and antheridia produced in rows just beneath upper surfaces of gametophytes
sporophytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
leaves of moss gametophytes have blades nearly always one-cell thick and never lobed or divided
numerous chloroplats
axis stemlike, without xylem or phloem |
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Term
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Definition
| have large transparent cells without chloroplasts that absorb water; and small, green photosynthetic cells sandwhiched between |
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Term
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Definition
| multicellular filaments in mosses; scattered among antheridia |
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Term
gametangia at apices of leafy shoots, antheridia on short stalks, surrounded by walls one cell thick
sperm forced out the top of the antheridium
archegonia release substances that attract sperm
sperm swim down neck of archegonia
zygote grows into spindle shaped embryo |
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Definition
| sexual reproduction of mosses |
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Term
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Definition
| top of archegonium splits off and forms cap on top of sporophyte in sexual production of mosses to form: |
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Term
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Definition
| this opens or closes in response to humidity in sexual production of mosses |
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Term
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Definition
| pioneer species on bare rock after volcanic eruptions or other geographical upheavals |
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Term
1. succession accumulates mineral and organic matter that is utilized by other organism
2. retain moisture and reduce flooding and erosion
3. indicators of surface water
4.packing material
5.peat moss is soil conditioner, fuel, poultice material because of its absorbency and antiseptic tendencies |
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Definition
| human and ecological relevance of byrophytes: (5 of them) |
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