Term
| Robert Hooke (England)- 1665 |
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Definition
-First compound microscope (very poor quality)
-first to use the term cell
-published "things in water" |
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Term
| Antoni can Leeuwenhoek (Dutch) |
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Definition
-First simple microscope (much better quality)
-Textile merchant
-Inspired by Hooke's work and created perfect lenses |
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Term
| What 4 questions drove the Golden age of Microbiology and what were the years? |
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Definition
1847-1914
1. Is spontaneous generation (abiogensis) possible?
2. What causes fermentation?
3. What causes disease?
4. How to prevent infection? |
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Term
| Who proposed Abiogensis (spontaneous generation) and what did it mean? |
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Definition
Proposed by Aristotle
Living things can arise from non-living things |
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Term
| Francisco Redi (Italy)- 1800's |
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Definition
| placed meat in three different containers with different seals and showed that only the ones exposed to air formed maggots. First to plant seed of doubt in theory of Abiogensis |
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Term
| Louis Pasteur (France)- 1861- Father of Microbiology |
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Definition
-Made swan neck flasks that allowed oxygen into the solution but didn't let microbes- disproved abiogensis
-Through experiments with wine (first funded research), developed the scientific theory and germ theory |
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Term
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Definition
| Found you only need enzymes from yeast, not the yeast itself, to cause fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| studied causative agents for anthrax and TB. Developed the Koch postulates and new lab protocols |
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Term
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Definition
1. smeared agents onto media- agar- so they would last longer
2. Examines colonies and growth patterns on plates
3. Growth and isolation (streak plate)
4. Simple staining methods
5. Gram staining developed by Koch's lab assistant (1884) |
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Term
| 1882- Koch's Postulates (4) |
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Definition
1. Suspected causative agent must be found in ever case of disease and absent from healthy hosts
2. Must be isolated and grown outside host
3. When introduced tinto healthy, susceptible hosts, host must get the disease
4. same agent must be re-isolated. |
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Term
| Exceptions to Koch's Postulates |
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Definition
1. Some pathogens can't be cultured in the lab
2. Ethical consideration
3. Disease can be cause by more than one pathogen
4. pathogens that are ignored as potential causes of disease |
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Term
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Definition
Handwashing in OB wards
reduced mortality rate from 18 to 1%
made interns wash hands with chlorinated lime juice after working with cadavers |
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Term
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Definition
Antiseptic Technique
Surgeon who sprayed Phenol on wounds- reduced mortality by 2/3 |
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Term
| Listerine- 1879, Lamber and Dr. Lawrence |
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Definition
first surgical antiseptic.
Started using in oral care in 1895 |
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Term
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Definition
| Nurse in the Army. Instituted clothing and wound dressing changes to reduce infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Noticed cholera outbreak was confined to one area of the town around a central water source- Epidemiology |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaccine- Injected cowpox into a boy to prove that he was immune to smallpox |
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Term
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Definition
| blood has chemicals & cells that fight infection |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the body's defense against specific pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| using chemicals to kill microbes- can be used in the blood |
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