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Ch 19
Respiratory Pharmacology (Rau's)
62
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
12/11/2009

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Cards

Term
Bohr Effect
Definition
The presence of carbon dioxide aiding in the release and delivery of oxygen from hemoglobind
Term
Cardiac Output
Definition
The amount of blood that is ejected into the aorta and travels though the systemic circulation wit every heart beat
Term
Diastolic blood pressure
Definition
the lowest pressure reached right before ventricular ejection
Term
Mean arterial pressure
Definition
Pressure that drives blood into the tissues, averaged over the entire cardiac cycle
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Definition
Cardiac medications that are classified with the v. williams system, according to their mechanisms of action.
Term
Catecholamines
Definition
Endogenous products that are secreted into the bloodstream and travel to nerve endings to stimulate an exitatory response
Term
Atrioventricular node
Definition
link between atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization
Term
Systolic blood pressure
Definition
peak pressure reached during ventricular ejection
Term
Sudden cardiac death
Definition
an episode of ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity, or asystole
Term
Phosphodiesterase
Definition
an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)
Term
CO = HR x SV =80 x 70=5.6 L/min
Definition
What is the cardiac output of a pt with a blood pressure of 120/70, a stroke volume of 70ml/beat, and a heartrate of 80 beats/min
Term
Preload
Definition
The volume of blood filling the ventricles that influences ventricular contractility and can be modified by inotropic drugs is called__
Term

a. Systemic Vascuar resistance

b. Vascular Volume

Definition
What are 2 determinants of arterial blood pressure?
Term
MAP=(2DBP+SBP)/3=[(120X2)+90]/3
Definition
What is the mean arterial blood pressure of a pt who has a blood pressure of 120/90?
Term
Central Venous Pressure
Definition
What pressure helps reflect the amount of blood returning to the heart?
Term
5-12 mmHG
Definition
Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
Term
10-12 mmHg
Definition
Normal Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Term
5-7 L/min
Definition
Normal Cardiac Output (CO)
Term
800-1200 (dyn x sec x cm5)
Definition
Normal systemic vascular restistance (SVR)
Term
increase
Definition
Heart rate will __ with hypovolemia/hemorrhagic shock
Term
decrease
Definition
CVP will __with hypovolemia/hemorrhagic shock
Term
decrease
Definition
CO will __ with hypovolemia/hemorrhagic shock
Term
increase
Definition
SVR will __ with cardiogenic shock
Term
decrease
Definition
BP will __ with septic shock
Term
decrease
Definition
PCWP will__ with hypovolemic/hemorrhagic shock
Term
increase
Definition
CO will __ with septic shock
Term

Catecholamines

Inotropic agents

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

cardiac glycosides

Definition
What agents are used for the management of shock?
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
What affect do catecholamines have on the vasculature when affecting alfa receptors?
Term
cardiac output
Definition
Dopamine (Inotropin) increases chronotropic and inotropic effects, leading to increased__
Term
Septic shock
Definition
Vasopressin (pitressin) may be used for__
Term
true
Definition
true or false: Dobutamine (dobutrex) is indicated for short term treatment of decompensated heart failure secondary to depressed contractility
Term
True
Definition
True or False: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as inamrinone (Incor) increase myocardial contractility
Term
Heart failure
Definition
Digoxin (Lanoxin), the only drug in the cardiac glycoside class is used in the management of chronic __ __
Term

SA Node

AV Node

Bundle of His

Ventricular bundle Branches

Purkinje Fibers

Definition
List 5 major components of the hearts electrical conduction system
Term
Fibrillatin and Flutter
Definition
Quinidine is used to treat atrial __ and __
Term
tachycardia
Definition
Procainamide is used to treat atrial arrhythmias and ventricular __
Term
they are membrane stabilizing or local anesthetics that depress the fast inward current of sodium (phase 0)
Definition
Describe Class I agents
Term
They are often used and have less proarrythmic potential compared with the class IA agents. Their action is limited to ventricular arrythmias
Definition
Describe Class IB agents
Term
 they are Beta-adrenergic blocking agents. They block B1 receptors in the heart to control dysrhythmias.
Definition
How do Class II agents work?
Term
Potential for bronchoconstriction
Definition
name a side effect of Class II agents in pts with airway disease
Term
ventricular arrhythmias
Definition
In general, class III agents are used to treat supraventricular arrythmias and __
Term
Calcium channel
Definition
Class II drugs are called
Term
vasoconstiction of the coronary and cerebral vasculature, increasing blood flow to these areas
Definition
An indication for epinephrine is__
Term
Potent vasoconstrictor
Definition
What is an indication for vasopressin?
Term
Chronotropic effect on the heart
Definition
What is an indication for Atropine?
Term
Increase arterial pH above 7.2. adequate ventilation must be present to remove carbon dioxide produced otherwise a continual reduction in pH will continue
Definition
What is an indication for sodium bicarbonate?
Term
to prolong conduction time often implemented in the management of torsade de pointes
Definition
What is an indication for magnesium sulfate?
Term
When IV access is difficult or impossible
Definition
When would intraosseous needle placement be indicated?
Term

Lidocaine

Epinephrine

Atropine

Naloxone

Definition
List the drugs that can be administered via endotracheal tube (ETT) if IV access is not available
Term
False: Chest compression should cease
Definition
True or False: When medications are administered through the ETT, chest compressions should cease.
Term
True
Definition
True or False: Medications should be placed in the ETT through a catheter that extends beyond the tip of the ETT
Term
True
Definition
True or false: after medication insertion into the lung, 5-10 rapid ventilation with a hand held resuscitation bag should take place
Term
True
Definition
True of false: Medications should be diluted with approximately 10 mL of normal saline when administering them through the ETT
Term
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Definition
pressure that drives blood into tissues, averaged over the entire cardiac cycle is
Term
70 mL/beat
Definition
A pt has a cardiac output of 5.6 L/min and a heart rate of 80 beats/min what is the stroke volume?
Term
Central venous pressure
Definition
which of the following pressures reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart?
Term
5-7 L/min
Definition
The normal cardiac output in an adult is:
Term
Definition
5. Agents used in the management of shock include:
Term
Definition
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are:
Term
Definition
Which of the following is an inotropic agent that is indicated for short-term treatment of decompensated heart failure secondary to depressed contractility
Term
Definition
the only cardiac glycoside that is used in the management of chronic heart failure is:
Term
Definition
Which of the following is not a major component of the heart's electrical conduction system?
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