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Ch 18, 21, 23 Vocabulary
APES
13
Environmental Studies
12th Grade
12/04/2016

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Term
primary sewage treatment
Definition
Mechanical sewage treatment in which large solids are filtered out by screens and suspended solids settle out as sludge in a sedimentation tank.
Term
secondary sewage treatment
Definition
Step in most waste treatment systems in which aerobic bacteria decompose up to 90% of degradable, oxygen-demanding organic wastes in wastewater. This usually involves bringing sewage and bacteria together in trickling filters or in the activated sludge process.
Term
tertiary sewage treatment
Definition
Specialized chemical and physical processes that reduce the amount of specific pollutants left in wastewater after primary and secondary sewage treatment. This type of treatment usually is expensive.
Term
arable land
Definition
Land that can be cultivated to grow crops.
Term
emigration
Definition
Movement of people out of a specific geographic area. See migration.
Term
immigration
Definition
Migration of people into a country or area to take up permanent residence.
Term
land-use planning
Definition
Process for deciding the best present and future use of each parcel of land in an area.
Term
mass transit
Definition
Buses, trains, trolleys, and other forms of transportation that carry large numbers of people.
Term
noise pollution
Definition
Any unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that impairs or interferes with hearing, causes stress, hampers concentration and work efficiency, or causes accidents.
Term
smart growth
Definition
Form of urban planning which recognizes that urban growth will occur but uses zoning laws and an array of other tools to prevent sprawl, direct growth to certain areas, protect ecologically sensitive and important lands and waterways, and develop urban areas that are more environmentally sustainable and more enjoyable places to live.
Term
urban area
Definition
Geographic area with a population of 2,500 or more. The number of people used in this definition may vary, with some countries setting the minimum number of people at 10,000-50,000.
Term
urban sprawl
Definition
Growth of low-density development on the edges of cities and towns.
Term
zoning
Definition
Regulating how various parcels of land can be used.
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