Term
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Definition
| The accidental inhalation of food particles, fluids, or gastric contents into the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the basic functional units of the NS that is specialized to transmit electrical nerve impulses and carry information from one part of the body to another. |
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Definition
| A pneumonia that is acquired in a healthcare setting |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical that is released from a nerve ending to transmit an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| This substance or drug has the ability to cause total or partial loss of memory |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary Contractions or twitching of groups of muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft, so that the next nerve impulse can be transmitted across the synaptic gap |
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Term
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Definition
| The production of a restful state of mind, particulary by the use of drugs that have a calming effect, relieving anxiety and tension |
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Term
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Definition
| an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and exhaustion of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| a person having at least 30 minutes of continuous seizure activity without full recovery between seizures |
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Term
| Neuromuscular blocking agent |
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Definition
| a substance that interferes with the neural transmission between motor neurons and skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| an attack of asthma lasting for more than 24 hours |
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Term
| -Depolarizing agents bind to acetylcholine receptors and cause a sustained postsynaptic membrane depolarization. -Nondepolarizing agents produce paralysis and muscle weakness by competing with acetylcholine for binding at the acetylcholine receptors. |
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Definition
| Describe the difference between a depolarizing and nondepolarizing agent. |
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Term
| Succinylcholine (Anectine) |
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Definition
| Name the only depolarizing drug currently available |
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Term
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Definition
| The somatic motor nervous system, or skeletal muscle system, controls what kind of movement? |
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Term
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Definition
| The autonomic nervous system controls what kind of movement? |
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Term
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Definition
| the transmission of nerve conduction in skeletal muscle is chemically mediated by what neurotransmitter? |
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Term
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Definition
| Acetylcholine is broken down and inactivated by what enzyme? |
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Term
| the muscle fiber is allowed to repolarize |
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Definition
| what can happen when acetylcholinesterase breaks down AcH? |
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Term
| depolarization and repolarization |
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Definition
| what are the 2 phases of muscle stimulation? |
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Term
| the phase in which contraction of the muscle occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| the phase during which the muscle fiber can be restimulated. Until this phase occurs the muscle is refractory. |
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Definition
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Term
| the binding and blocking of the acetylcholine receptors without depolarization. (non depolarizing agents) |
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Definition
| what is competitive inhibition? |
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Term
| prolonged occupation and persistent binding of the acetylcholine receptors, resulting in sustained depolarization |
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Definition
| How do depolarizing agents work? |
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Term
| The Pt has drooping eyelids and is unable to lif their head. |
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Definition
| what is the first indication that paralysis is taking effect when administering a nondepolarizing agent? |
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Term
| There is diaphragmatic function as seen by the movement of the abdomen. |
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Definition
| what would be the first indication that the nondepolarizing agent is reversing or wearing off? |
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Term
1. maintaining a patent airway
2. maintaining appropriate ventilation, because nondepolartizing agents cause apnea |
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Definition
| what are 2 concerns to respiratory therapists when administering nondepolarizing agents? |
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Term
| Anticholinesterase such as neostigmine |
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Definition
| What type of drug would reverse nondepolarizing agents? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which reversal agent is used to treat myesthenia gravis? |
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Term
1. Tachycardia
2. Increased Salivation |
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Definition
| List 2 side effect of nondepolarizing agents |
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Term
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Definition
| Which neuromuscular blocking agent would not be recommended for a pt with asthma? |
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Term
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Definition
| What NMBA would not be recommended for a pt with high blood pressure and tachycardia? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the main indication for succinylcholine? |
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Term
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Definition
| Depolarization is initially indicated by what, followed by flaccid paralysis? |
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Term
a. Histamine Release
b. Hypertension
c.Tachycardia |
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Definition
| List 3 side effects of succinylcholine that occur in most adult patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Retention of secretions is thought to increase the incidence of____ in pts receiving neuromuscular blockage for a prolonged period |
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Term
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Definition
| In paralyzed pts recieving mechanical ventilation, elevating the head can reduce the risk of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Remember NMBA only cause muscle paralysis. What should be administered to remove conscious awareness and pain? |
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Term
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Definition
| for intubation, a short acting neuromuscular blocking agent and a sedative that has ____ properties should be administered |
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Term
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Definition
| True or False: Direct observation of muscle activity provides the simplest means of monitoring adequacy of blockade |
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Term
a. Small rapid moving muscles such as the eyelides
b. Face
c. Neck
d. Extremities
e. Abdomen
f. Intercostals
g. Diaphragm
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Definition
| List, in order of occurence, the sequence of paralysis of the skeletal muscles that can be monitored physically |
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Term
| Hand grip strength and the ability to lift head off bed for 5 seconds |
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Definition
| During brief periods of paralysis two simple measures of voluntary muscular functions include subjective assessments such as: |
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Term
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Definition
| True or False: When using the train of four monitoring technique, the fewer twitches that occur when a stimulus is applied the greater the degree of neuromuscular blockade. |
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Term
| A. Endotracheal Extubation |
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Definition
which of the following is not an indication for a neuromuscular blocking agent?
a. Endotracheal Extubation
b. Muscle paralysis during surgery
c. To Facilitate mechanical ventilation
d. Endotracheal intubation
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Term
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Definition
| If a mechanically ventilated pt is recieving vecuronium, the pt should also recieve what? |
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Term
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Definition
Muscle contraction occurs during which of the following?
a. Apolarization
b. Depolarization
c. Repolarization
d. Myelination
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Term
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Definition
The only depolarizing drug is which of the following?
a. Tubocurarine
b. Doxacurium
c. Pancuronium
d. Succinylcholine
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Term
| B. Cholinesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
Muscle Paralysis caused by nondepolarizing blocking agents can be reversed by which of the following?
a. Cholinesterase
b. Cholinesterase inhibitors
c. Parasympatholytics
d. sympathomimetics
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Term
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Definition
The transmission of nerve conduction in skeletal muscle is chemically mediated by which of the following?
a. AcH
b. Pseudocholinesterase
c. Anticholinesterase
d. Norepinephrine
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following drugs can reverse the effects of pancuronium?
a. Decamethonium
b. Neostigmine
c. Prostigmine
d. Reversostigmine
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Term
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Definition
An asthmatic pt is about to be intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. which of the following neuromuscular blocking agents should not be administered?
a. Vecuronium
b. Atracurium
c. d-tubocurarine
d. Pipecuronuium
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Term
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Definition
The neuromuscular drug of choice for endotracheal intubation is:
a. Vecuronium
b. Atracurium
c. d-tubocurarine
d. Succinylcholine |
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Term
| Raise the head of the bed |
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Definition
| For endotracheally intubated, paralyzed pts receiving mechanical ventilation, what would help reduce the risk of aspiration? |
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Term
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Definition
| What should be administered to remove conscious awareness in a pt who has recieved a NMBA? |
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Term
| Direct observation of muscle activity |
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Definition
| What is the simplest means of monitoring the adequacy of neuromuscular blockade? |
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Term
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Definition
| What would be the first indication that a nondepolarizing agent is reversing or wearing off? |
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Term
| Hand grip strength and the ability to lift the head off the bed for 5 seconds |
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Definition
| During brief periods of paralysis, what subjective assessments measures voluntary muscular functions? |
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