Term
| why are eyewitnesses often wrong? |
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Definition
| our minds are not like video cameras |
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Term
| how to be an accurate eyewitness |
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Definition
a person must successfully complete three stages of memory processing:
1. acquisition
2. storage
3. retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
| the process whereby people notice and pay attention to information in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which people store the memory information they have acquired form the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which people recall information stored in their memories |
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Term
| acquisition during questioning |
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Definition
crimes usually occur under the conditions that make acquisition difficult: quickly, unexpectedly, under poor viewing conditions, and under considerable stress
the more stress, the worse the memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the fact that people are better at recognizing faces of their own race than those of other races |
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Term
| storage during questioning |
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Definition
| people have an inaccurate recall about what they saw |
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Term
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Definition
| the distortion of memories of an event by information encountered after the event occurred |
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Term
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Definition
| the process whereby people try to identify the source of their memories |
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Term
| retrieval during questioning |
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Definition
| witnesses often choose the person in a lineup who most resembles the criminal, even if the resemblance is not very strong |
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Term
| judging whether eyewitnesses are mistaken |
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Definition
1. pay attention to how confident the witness is because confidence may not always be a good indicator
2. responding quickly - witnesses who respond quickly are more likely to be correct than those who think about it for a while |
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Term
| the problem with verbalization |
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Definition
| trying to put an image into words can make people's memories worse |
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Term
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Definition
| lie detector. a machine that measures people's physiological responses while answering an operator's questions to determine truth or deception (accurate 88% of the time) |
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Term
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Definition
| recollections of a past event, such as sexual abuse, that have been forgotten or repressed |
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Term
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Definition
| remembering a past traumatic experience that is objectively false but is nevertheless accepted by the person as true |
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Term
| why is it dangerous for therapists to encourage their clients to recall memories of abuse? |
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Definition
| they may be implanting false memories in some cases, rather than eliciting memories of actual abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| lawyers present the evidence in the sequence in which they occurred, corresponding as closely as possible to the story they want the jurors to believe |
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Term
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Definition
| lawyers present witnesses in the sequence they think will have the greatest impact, even if the events will be described out of order |
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Term
| are jurors more likely to believe story order or witness order? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do police officers affect witnesses during interrogation? |
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Definition
| interrogation can go wrong because police are so adamant about finding out what happened that they can ask leading questions. even innocent people would begin to believe that they actually committed the crime even though they didn't because of interrogation |
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