Term
| what are the 3 major functions of the Urinary System |
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Definition
excretion
elimination
homeostatic regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of organic wastes from the body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| the discharge of wastes into the environment |
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Term
| t or f homeostatic regulation is the control of volume and solute concentrations of blood plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the urinary system consist of |
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Definition
| 2 kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder,and a urethra |
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Term
| t or f the kidneys are smooth bean shaped organs with a reddish brown color |
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Definition
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Term
| where do the kidneys lie in the body |
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Definition
| on either side of the vertebral column in depressions on the upper posterial wall of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
| t or f the kidneys are postioned behind the parietal peritoneum against the deep muscles of back |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the kidneys are surrounded and held in place by connective and adipose tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is the chambers entrance in the kidneys through which blood vessels,nerves,lymphatic vessels,and the ureter pass through |
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Term
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Definition
| a funnel shaped sac expanded from the superior end of the ureter |
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Term
| t or f the renal pelvis is subdivded into the major calyces and minor calyces |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the renal papilliae |
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Definition
| small elevations that project into renal sinuses from the renal pelvis walls |
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Term
| t or f each kideny has an inner renal medulla and an outer renal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the renal medulla made up of |
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Definition
| conical tissue called renal pyramids and has striations |
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Term
| t or f the renal cortex encloses the medulla |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the functional unit of the kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the cortex appears to have granules due to tiny tubles |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f one of the functions of the kidneys is to maintain homeostasis by regulating the compostion,pH,and volume of extracellular fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f another function of the urine is to not excerete urine |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the kidneys secrete erthyopoetin to help control RBC cell production |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the function of the kidneys is to help activate vitamin D |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the kidneys help to maintain blood volume and pressure by secreting the enzyme renin |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the kidneys are supplied with blood from the renal arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the renal arteries branch off inside the kidneys into interlobular,arucate,and interlobular arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the final branches of the interlobular arteries lead to nephrons and are called afferent arterioles |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the veneous blood returns by way of renal veins |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f there are about one million nephrons in the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| what are nephrons composed of |
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Definition
| renal corpuscal and a renal tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| tangled cluster of blood capilliaries that comprises a renal corpuscle |
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Term
| what is the glomerus surrounded by |
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Definition
| sac like structure called a glomerus capsule |
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Term
| what are the 3 processes carried out by the nephron |
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Definition
glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion |
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Term
| t or f all 3 processes of the nephron contribute to the filtering of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f efferent arterioles are smaller in diameter than afferent arterioles |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f efferent arterioles dont branch into peritublar capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| what are peritublar capillaries |
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Definition
| interconnected capillary networks |
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Term
| what is the juxtaglomerule capsule |
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Definition
| enlarged smooth muscle cells |
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Term
| what is the juxtaglomerule apparatus |
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Definition
| enlarged smooth muscle cells and macula densa |
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Term
| what is glomerule filtration |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f every 24 hours glomerule filtration produces 180 liters of fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f plasma is filtered through glomerule capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two other processes used in the formation of urine |
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Definition
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion |
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Term
| what is tubular reabsorption |
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Definition
| it helps to move substances from the tubular fluid into the blood within the peritubular capillary |
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Term
| what is tubular secretion |
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Definition
| moves substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules |
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Term
| when does urine formation begin |
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Definition
| water and dissolved substances are filtered out of the glomerule capillaries into the glomerule capsules |
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Term
| what is the glomerule filtrate |
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Definition
| recieved by the glomerule capsule |
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Term
| what are the 3 types of ions found in the glomerule filtrate and plasma |
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Definition
sodium
chloride
bicarbonate |
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Term
| what are the effects of pressure |
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Definition
| the hydrostatic pressure of blood forces substances through the glomerule capillary wall |
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Term
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Definition
| forces substances out of the glomerus and is usually postive pressure it is eqaul to the glomerule filtration rate |
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Term
| what is an avg adults glomerule filtration rate |
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Definition
| 180 liters (45 gallons) in 24 hours |
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Term
| t or f glomerule filtration rate may increase when body fluids are excessive and decrease when fluid conservation is required |
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Definition
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Term
| when does renin react with in the bloodstream |
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Definition
| plasma protein angiotension forming angiotension I in the lungs and blood plasma |
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Term
| what are the types of renin responses |
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Definition
sympathtic stimulation
when afferent arterioles sense a drop in blood pressure
when the macula densa senses decreased chorides,potassium,and sodium ions in renule tubules |
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Term
| t or f angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotension I to angiotension II |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f active transport requires carrier molecules from cell membranes to transport certain molecules across the membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f active transport has a limited transport capacity |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f when plasma glucose reaches the renal plasma threshold more glucose molecules exist in the filtrate than can be actively transported |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the substances remaining in the renal tubule become more concentrated as water from the filtrate is reabsored by osmosis |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f active transport reabsorbs nearly 70 percent of sodium ions in the proxiamal renal tube |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the concentration of water in blood dereases |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f body fluids dont increase osmotic pressure and stimulates osmoreceptors in hyppthalmus |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the hypothalmus signals the posterior pituary to realease ADH |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f blood carries ADH to kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f ADH causes distal convulated tubles and collecting ducts to increase water reabsorption by kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| it is from a result of amino acid catabolism and its plasma concentrations reflects the amount of protein in diet |
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Term
| t or f urea filters into the renal tubule with 80 percent reabsorded while the remainder is excreted in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f uric acid is a result of metabolism of certain organic bases |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the compositon of urine is related to water volume and the amount of solutes that the kidneys must elimate or retain to maintain homeostasis |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f urine is about 95 percent water and usually contians urea and uric acid |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f urine production varies b/t 0.6 and 2.5 liters per day |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the normal urine production |
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Definition
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Term
| what indicates kidney failure |
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Definition
| urine production of less than 30 ml per hour |
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Term
| t or f once urine forms in the nephrons urine passes from the collecting ducts to enter the calyces of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the urethra passes urine to the outside of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f each ureter is about 25 cm long descending behind the parietal peritoneum to run parallel to the vertebral column |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the ureters joins the urinary bladder from underneath ans its walls have 3 layers |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that stores urine and forces it to the urethra |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the urinary bladder is found in the pelvic cavity behind the pubic symphisis beneath the parietal peritoneum |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the walls of the urinary bladder has many folds when it is empty but these smooth out as it fills |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the urinary bladder has a triangular area (trigone) which has an opening at each of its 3 angles |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f the urinary bladder walls have 4 layers and its cell thickness changes based on how much urine its holding |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the layers of the urinary bladder wall |
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Definition
mucosa coat
submucousa coat
muscular coat
serous coat |
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Term
| t or f the smooth muscle fibers of the muscular coat are interlaced comprising the detruseor muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder |
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Term
| t or f the detruser muscle contracts along with the abdominal wall and pelvic floor muscles and the external urethral sphincter muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes the detruser muscle to rhythmatically contract |
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Definition
| the microtutuiton reflex center in the spinal cord sends parasympathetic motor impulses |
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Term
| t or f the urinary bladder can hold up to 600 ml of urine before stimulating pain receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| t or f when does it become an urge to urinate |
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Definition
| when the bladder holds 150 ml |
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Term
| t or f the urethra is a tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to outside of body |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the urethra lined of |
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Definition
| mucous membranes and a thick layer of smooth muscle tissue |
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Term
| t or f the walls of the urethra have many mucous glands secreting mucos into the urethral canal |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the urethra open into for females |
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Definition
| the external urethral orifice |
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Term
| t or f in males the urethra is part of both the reproductive and urinary systems |
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Definition
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