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CH 16
Key Terms
18
Psychology
Graduate
04/30/2015

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
abative effect
Definition
A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abates (decreases the current frequency of) behavior that has been reinforced by food.
Term
abolishing operation (AO)
Definition
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion.
Term
behavior-altering effect
Definition
An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, the frequency of behavior that has been reinforced with food is increased or decreased by food deprivation or food ingestion.
Term
conditioned motivating operation (CMO)
Definition
A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history. For example, because of the relation between locked doors and keys, having to open a locked door is a CMO that makes keys more effective as reinforcers, and evokes behavior that has obtained such keys.
Term
discriminative stimulus (sD) related to punishment
Definition
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced; this history of differential reinforcement is the reason an sD increases the momentary frequency of behavior.
Term
establishing operation (EO)
Definition
A motivating operation that establishes (increases) the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer. For example, food deprivation establishes food as an effective reinforcer.
Term
evocative effect
Definition
An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, food deprivation evokes (increases the current frequency of) behavior that has been reinforced by food.
Term
function-altering effect
Definition
A relatively permanent change in an organism's repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure. Respondent function-altering effects result from the pairing and un-pairing of antecedent stimuli.
Term
motivating operation (MO)
Definition
An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
Term
recovery from punishment procedure
Definition
The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence. This procedure is analogous to the extinction of previously reinforced behavior and has the effect of undoing the effect of the punishment.
Term
reflexive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-R)
Definition
A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement. It is exemplified by the warning stimulus in a typical escape-avoidance procedure, which establishes its own offset as reinforcement and evokes all behavior that has accomplished that offset.
Term
reinforcer-abolishing effect
Definition
A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abolishes (decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food.
Term
reinforcer-establishing effect
Definition
An increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation. For example, food deprivation establishes (increases) the reinforcing effectiveness of food.
Term
surrogate conditioned motivating operation (CMO-S)
Definition
A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.
Term
transitive conditioned motivating operation (CMO-T)
Definition
An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.
Term
unconditioned motivating operation (UMO)
Definition
A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history. For example, food deprivation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of food without the necessity of any learning history.
Term
unpairing
Definition
Two kinds:
(a) The occurrence alone of a stimulus that acquired its function by being paired with an already effective stimulus.
or (b) the occurrence of the stimulus in the absence as well as in the presence of the effective stimulus.
Both kinds undo the result of the pairing.
Term
value-altering effect
Definition
An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is altered as a result of food deprivation and food ingestion.
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